| Ciona | |
|---|---|
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| Ciona intestinalis | |
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Tunicata |
| Class: | Ascidiacea |
| Order: | Phlebobranchia |
| Family: | Cionidae |
| Genus: |
Ciona Fleming, 1822 |
| Species | |
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See text | |
Ciona is a genus of sea squirts in the family Cionidae.
The body of Ciona is bag-like and covered by a tunic, which is a secretion of the epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the buccal ( oral) and atrial ( cloacal) siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the atrium through the atrial siphon.
Species
Species in this genus include: [1]
- Ciona antarctica Hartmeyer, 1911
- Ciona edwardsi Roule, 1884
- Ciona fascicularis Hancock, 1870
- Ciona gelatinosa Bonnevie, 1896
- Ciona hoshinoi Monniot C., 1991
- Ciona imperfecta Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1977
- Ciona intermedia Mastrototaro, 2020
- Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Ciona longissima Hartmeyer, 1899
- Ciona mollis Ritter, 1907
- Ciona pomponiae Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1989
- Ciona robusta Hoshino & Tokioka, 1967
- Ciona roulei Lahille, 1887
- Ciona savignyi Herdman, 1882
- Ciona sheikoi Sanamyan, 1998
Genome projects
As of 2008, the genomes of Ciona intestinalis [2] and Ciona savignyi [3] have been sequenced.
Sexual reproduction
Ciona intestinalis is a hermaphrodite that releases sperm and eggs almost simultaneously into the surrounding seawater. C. intestinalis is self-sterile and thus has been used for studies on the mechanism of self-incompatibility. [4] C. savigny is highly self-fertile, but non-self sperm out-compete self-sperm in fertilization competition assays. [5] Mechanisms promoting non-self fertilization may have evolved to avoid inbreeding depression, [5] and to facilitate outcrossing which allows the masking of deleterious recessive mutations. [6]
References
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ciona Fleming, 1822". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
- ^ P. Dehal et al.: The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins. Science, 298, 5601, S. 2157–67, 13. Dezember 2002
- ^ The C. savignyi Reference Genome and Genetic Map
- ^ Sawada H, Morita M, Iwano M (August 2014). "Self/non-self recognition mechanisms in sexual reproduction: new insight into the self-incompatibility system shared by flowering plants and hermaphroditic animals". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 450 (3): 1142–8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.099. PMID 24878524.
- ^ a b Jiang D, Smith WC (October 2005). "Self- and cross-fertilization in the solitary ascidian Ciona savignyi". Biol. Bull. 209 (2): 107–12. doi: 10.2307/3593128. JSTOR 3593128. PMID 16260770.
- ^ Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE (September 1985). "Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex". Science. 229 (4719): 1277–81. doi: 10.1126/science.3898363. PMID 3898363.
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