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This article is about the original Chi Chi who died in 2000. For her namesake, Chi Chi 2 a.k.a. "Little Chi Chi" who was born in that year, see Chi Chi 2.

Chi Chi at London Zoo, September 1967

Chi Chi ( Chinese: 姬姬; pinyin: Jī Jī; September 1954 – 22 July 1972) was a well-known female giant panda at London Zoo in England. [1]

Chi Chi was not London Zoo's first giant panda; Ming was one of four that arrived in 1938. However, it was Chi Chi who became the Zoo's star attraction and England's best-loved zoo animal. [2]

Chi Chi is now a stuffed exhibit at the Natural History Museum in London.

Life

Chi Chi was born in the wild in Sichuan, China. She was caught in May 1955 in Baoxing, Sichuan, and moved to the Beijing Zoo in June. In May 1957, Kliment Voroshilov made a request for a panda for the Moscow Zoo during his visit to China, and she was sent to Moscow with another panda in the same month. However, the attempts to mate them were unsuccessful due to sexual imprinting as a result of being reared by human keepers. [3] [4] The Russians suspected that both pandas were male, and as a result, the Soviets returned Chi Chi to China in exchange for another panda in January 1958. [2] In May of the same year, the Austrian animal broker, Heini Demmer, acquired Chi Chi from Beijing Zoo in exchange for an impressive collection of African hoofstock and brought the animal back to Moscow Zoo. After resting for a week, the panda journeyed to Tierpark Berlin, the zoo in East Berlin. By then, Chi Chi had already been sold to Brookfield Zoo in Illinois, United States. However, the Treasury Department stepped in and announced that the US trade embargo on goods from China extended even to pandas. [5] Chi Chi was thus refused entry to the US.

The Frankfurt Zoological Garden provided a temporary home for the panda until Demmer decided to temporarily hire the animal out to European zoos. She then visited Copenhagen Zoo before she arrived at London Zoo on 5 September 1958. The Zoological Society of London had stated that it would not encourage collection of wild pandas, but accepted Chi Chi since she had already been collected. Although Chi Chi's visit was originally planned to last for only three weeks, it was decided to buy her for £12,000. Chi Chi became property of London Zoo on 26 September 1958. [6] Around this time, photographer Stanley Long created a series of stereoscopic 3D views of Chi Chi for the VistaScreen publishing company. [7] Bamboo shoots for Chi Chi were sourced from the Menabilly estate in Cornwall, which were harvested by boys from the local Scout troop and sent to London via Par railway station. [8]

In 1966, when Chi Chi was 9 years old, the Zoological Society of London approached their colleagues at Moscow Zoo with a view to attempting a mating with their male panda called An An. Chi Chi spent seven months in Moscow, but wouldn't allow An An to approach and the attempt was abandoned. Suspecting that a larger enclosure might produce better results, An An was brought to London Zoo in 1968, but with no more success, despite Chi Chi being injected with hormones intended to improve her receptiveness. [9]

Stuffed remains at the Natural History Museum in London

Chi Chi was an inspiration for Sir Peter Scott's simple but distinctive logo design for the World Wildlife Fund. [10] [11] However, the organization's current logo is not the logo designed by Peter Scott but a later one, designed for WWF in 1986 when it changed its name from World Wildlife Fund to World Wide Fund for Nature. [12] Chi Chi died at London Zoo on 22 July 1972 [13] and was mourned by the nation. [2] A post mortem was conducted. Her remains, now a stuffed exhibit, are sitting in a glass case at London's Natural History Museum. [14]

See also

References

  1. ^ Michael R. Brambell, London Zoo's Giant panda: Ailuropoda melatiolenca: 'Chi Chi', 1957–1972. International Zoo Yearbook, Volume 14, Issue 1, pp. 163–164. Published online 18 December 2007. The Zoological Society of London, 1985. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1090.1974.tb00809.x.
  2. ^ a b c "London Zoo". Good Zoos. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  3. ^ Nicholls, Henry (2011). The Way of the Panda: The Curious History of China's Political Animal. Open Road Media, ISBN  978-1-4532-1773-3
  4. ^ Dobbin, Muriel (24 April 1975). D.C. zoo encourages giant pandas to observe nation's birth with own. The Baltimore Sun
  5. ^ Chinoy, Michael (1975). "Pandamonium, or Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Pandas" (PDF). New China. 1 (1): 16. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  6. ^ Ramona Morris & Desmond Morris: The Giant Panda. Revised edition by Jonathan Barzdo. Papermac, London 1981, pp. 93–111, ISBN  0-333-32473-0
  7. ^ Ference, Ian (7 July 2019). "VistaScreen's "Chi-Chi the Giant Panda": Why does this even exist?". Brooklyn Stereography. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  8. ^ Harwood, David (1967). Scouts Indeed!. London: G Bell and Sons Ltd. p. 155.
  9. ^ Brambell, M R; Rowlands, I W; Hime, J M (21 June 1969). "An An and Chi Chi". Nature. 222 (5199): 1125–1126. Bibcode: 1969Natur.222.1125B. doi: 10.1038/2221125a0. S2CID  37880867. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  10. ^ Strategic management for voluntary nonprofit organizations. Routledge. 2002. ISBN  978-0415250238. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
  11. ^ WWF: Giant Panda
  12. ^ "07 World Wildlife Fund (1961)". Creative Review. 30 March 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  13. ^ Gwynne Vevers: London's Zoo. London 1976, p. 99, ISBN  0-370-10440-4
  14. ^ Henry Nicholls (2011). The Way of the Panda: The Curious History of China's Political Animal. Open Road Media. ISBN  978-1-4532-1773-3.
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