Charophyceae is a
class of
charophytegreen algae.
AlgaeBase places it in division Charophyta.[1] Extant (living) species are placed in a single order
Charales,[2] commonly known as "stoneworts" and "brittleworts". Fossil members of the class may be placed in separate orders, e.g.
Sycidiales and
Trochiliscales.[1]
Charophyceae is basal in the
Phragmoplastophyta clade which contains the
embryophytes (land plants).[3][4][5] In 2018, the first nuclear genome sequence from a species belonging to the Charophyceae was published: that of Chara braunii.[6]
Description
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The thallus is erect with regular nodes and internodes. At each node there is a whorl of branches. The whole plant is calcified and Equisetum-like. The internodes of the main axis consist of a single elongated cell, in Chara the internodes are
corticated covering the main axis. In other genera these are absent. Where there is a single row of cortical cells the cortex is referred to as diplostichous, where there are two rows of cortical cells it is termed triplostichous. The intermodal cells elongate and do not divide, they become many times longer than broad.[7]
Evolution
Below is a consensus reconstruction of green algal relationships, mainly based on molecular data.[8][9][10]