In 2022, the airport handled 57,474,033 passengers and 34,657 aircraft movements,[1] thus making it the
world's ninth busiest airport and
Europe's third busiest airport (after
Istanbul and
Heathrow) in terms of passenger numbers. Charles de Gaulle is also the busiest airport within the
European Union. In terms of cargo traffic, the airport is the
eleventh busiest in the world and the busiest in Europe, handling 2,102,268
tonnes (2,069,066
long tons; 2,317,354
short tons) of cargo in 2019.[2] It is also the airport that is served by the greatest number of
airlines, with more than 105 airlines operating at the airport.[3]
As of 2017[update], the airport offers direct flights to the most countries and hosts the most airlines in the world.[4]Marc Houalla has been the director of the airport since 12 February 2018.
Location
Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport covers 32.38 square kilometres (12.50 sq mi) of land. The airport area, including terminals and runways, spans over three départements and six communes:
The choice of constructing an international aviation hub outside of central Paris was made due to a limited prospect of potential relocations or expropriations and the possibility of further expanding the airport in the future.
Management of the airport lies solely on the authority of Groupe ADP, which also manages
Orly (south of Paris),
Le Bourget (to the immediate southwest of Charles de Gaulle Airport, now used for general aviation and Paris Air Shows), several smaller airfields in the suburbs of Paris, and other airports directly or indirectly worldwide.
The planning and construction phase of what was known then as Aéroport de Paris Nord (Paris North Airport)[6] began in 1966. On 8 March 1974 the airport, renamed Charles de Gaulle Airport, opened. Terminal 1 was built in an
avant-garde design of a ten-floors-high circular building surrounded by seven satellite buildings, each with six gates allowing sunlight to enter through
apertures. The main architect was
Paul Andreu, who was also in charge of the extensions during the following decades.
Terminal 2 opened in 1981 with the official inauguration in presence of the then President, Francois Mitterrand, in March 1982. Unlike Terminal 1, Terminal 2 was designed with a traditional linear layout, but has evolved over time into a series of distinct terminals, designated as 2A through to 2G.[7]
Following the introduction of the brand
Paris Aéroport to all its Parisian airports,
Groupe ADP also announced major changes for the Charles de Gaulle Airport: Terminals of the Satellite 1 will be merged, as well as terminals 2B and 2D. A new luggage automated
sorting system and conveyor under Terminal 2E Hall L was installed to speed luggage delivery time for airlines operating Paris-Charles de Gaulle's hub. The
CDG Express, the direct express rail link from Paris to Charles de Gaulle Airport, is scheduled to open in early 2027.[8]
Corporate identity
The
Frutiger typeface was commissioned for use in the airport and implemented on signs throughout the building in 1975. Initially called Roissy, it was renamed after its designer
Adrian Frutiger.
Until 2005, every
PA announcement made at Terminal 1 was preceded by a distinctive chime, nicknamed "Indicatif Roissy" and composed by
Bernard Parmegiani in 1971. The chime can be heard in the
Roman Polanski film Frantic. The chime was officially replaced by the "Indicatif ADP" chime.
On 14 April 2016, the
Groupe ADP rolled out the Connect 2020 corporate strategy and the commercial brand
Paris Aéroport was applied to all Parisian airports, including Le Bourget airport.[9]
Charles de Gaulle Airport has three terminals: Terminal 1 is the oldest and situated opposite to Terminal 3; Terminal 2 is located at another side with 7 sub-terminal buildings (2A to 2G). Terminal 2 was originally built exclusively for
Air France;[6] since then it has been expanded significantly and now houses other airlines. Terminals 2A to 2F are interconnected by elevated walkways and situated next to each other. Terminal 2G is a satellite building connected by shuttle bus.[6]
Terminal 3 (formerly known as "Terminal 9") hosts charter and low-cost airlines. The
CDGVAL light-rail shuttle connects Terminal 2 to Terminals 1/3 and their parking lots.
Before the pandemic, Charles de Gaulle Airport had assigned all
Star Alliance members to use Terminal 1,
Oneworld members to use Terminal 2A and
SkyTeam members to use Terminals 2C, 2E (intercontinental), 2D, 2F and 2G (European routes). The assignments changed several times due to the pandemic.
Today, the airport has assigned Star Alliance airlines to Terminal 1, Oneworld airlines to use Terminal 1 for routes to the Middle East and Asia, and 2B for flights to the Americas, Africa, and Europe (due to the closure of Terminal 2A), and SkyTeam airlines to use Terminals 2E for international routes and 2F for Schengen routes.
Terminal 1
The first terminal, designed by
Paul Andreu, was built in the image of an
octopus. It consists of a circular terminal building which houses key functions such as check-in counters and baggage claim conveyors. Seven satellites with boarding gates are connected to the central building by underground walkways.
The central building, with a large skylight in its centre, dedicates each floor to a single function. The first floor is reserved for technical operations and not accessible to the public. The second floor contains shops and restaurants, the CDGVAL inter-terminal shuttle train platforms (for Terminal 2 and trains to central Paris) and check-in counters from a recent renovation. The majority of check-in counters, however, are located on the third floor, which also has access to taxi stands, bus stops and special pick-up vehicles. Departing passengers with valid boarding passes can reach the fourth floor, which houses duty-free stores and border control posts, for the boarding gates. The fifth floor contains baggage claim conveyors for arriving passengers. All four upper floors have assigned areas for parking and airline offices.
Passages between the third, fourth and fifth floors are provided by a tangle of escalators arranged through the centre of the building. These escalators are suspended over the central court. Each escalator is covered with a transparent tube to shelter from all weather conditions. These escalators were often used in film shootings (e.g., The Last Gang of Ariel Zeitoun). The
Alan Parsons Project album I Robot features these escalators on its cover.
Terminal 1 closed in March 2020 in response to the
COVID-19 pandemic. ADP used this time for a €250 million refurbishment. Completed in 2023, the refurbishment included the creation of a new junction building linking satellites 1, 2 and 3, and modernisation of the central body of the terminal. Various design details in the refurbished terminal pay homage to the circular shape of the original Andreu design. The upgraded Terminal 2 also features a new departure lounge designed by French designers Maxime Liautard and Hugo Toro, which reflects the ambiance of a Parisian bistro.[10][11]
Terminal 2 is spread across seven sub-terminals: 2A to 2G. Terminals 2A to 2F are connected by inter-terminal walkways, but Terminal 2G is a satellite building 800 m (0.5 mi) away. Terminal 2G can only be accessed by shuttle bus from Terminals 1, 2A to 2F and 3. The CDGVAL inter-terminal shuttle train, Paris RER Regional-Express and high-speed TGV rail station,
Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV, is located within the Terminal 2 complex and between 2C and 2E (on one side) or 2D and 2F (on the opposite side).
Terminal 2F was used for the filming of the music video for the
U2 song "
Beautiful Day". The band also had their picture taken inside Terminal 2F for the album artwork of their 2000 album All That You Can't Leave Behind.
Terminals 2B and 2D are used by the majority of the airlines part of the
Oneworld alliance, except Oneworld's long haul carriers to Asia and the Middle East, French overseas airlines
Air Austral and
Air Tahiti Nui,[13] and all other non
SkyTeam short-haul and mid-haul airlines which do not operate from Terminal 1.[14] and SkyTeam carrier
Czech Airlines also use this terminal.[13]
On 23 May 2004, shortly after the inauguration of terminal 2E, a portion of it collapsed near
Gate E50, killing four people.[15] Two of the dead were reported to be Chinese citizens, one Czech and the other Lebanese.[16] Three other people were injured in the collapse. Terminal 2E had been inaugurated in 2003 after some delays in construction and was designed by
Paul Andreu. Administrative and judicial enquiries were started. Andreu also designed Terminal 3 at
Dubai International Airport, which collapsed while under construction on 28 September 2004.
Before this accident, ADP had been planning for an
initial public offering in 2005 with the new terminal as a major attraction for investors. The partial collapse and indefinite closing of the terminal just before the beginning of summer seriously hurt the airport's business plan.
In February 2005, the results from the administrative inquiry were published. The experts pointed out that there was no single fault, but rather a number of causes for the collapse, in a design that had little margin for safety. The inquiry found the concrete
vaulted roof was not resilient enough and had been pierced by metallic pillars and some openings weakened the structure. Sources close to the inquiry also disclosed that the whole building chain had worked as close to the limits as possible, so as to reduce costs. Paul Andreu denounced the building companies for having not correctly prepared the
reinforced concrete.
On 17 March 2005, ADP decided to tear down and rebuild the whole part of Terminal 2E (the "jetty") of which a section had collapsed, at a cost of approximately €100 million.[17] The reconstruction replaced the innovative concrete tube style of the jetty with a more traditional steel and glass structure. During reconstruction, two temporary departure lounges were constructed in the vicinity of the terminal that replicated the capacity of 2E before the collapse. The terminal reopened completely on 30 March 2008.
Terminal 2G
Terminal 2G, dedicated to regional Air France and
HOP! flights and its affiliates, opened in 2008. This terminal is to the east of all terminals and can only be reached by shuttle bus. Terminal 2G is used for passengers flying in the
Schengen Area (and thus has no passport control) and handles Air France regional and European traffic and provides small-capacity planes (up to 150 passengers) with a faster turnaround time than is currently possible by enabling them to park close to the new terminal building and boarding passengers primarily by bus, or walking. A bus line called "navette orange" connects the terminal 2G inside the security check area with terminals 2E and 2F. Passengers transferring to other terminals need to continue their trip with other bus shuttles within the security check area if they do not need to get their bags.
Terminal 2E Hall L (Satellite 3)
The completion of 750 m (2,460 ft) long Satellite 3 (or S3) to the immediate east of Terminals 2E and 2F provides further
jetways for large-capacity airliners, specifically the
Airbus A380. Check-in and
baggage handling are provided by the existing infrastructure in Terminals 2E and 2F. Satellite 3 was opened in part on 27 June 2007 and fully operational in September 2007. It corresponds now to gates L of terminal 2E.
Terminal 2E Hall M (Satellite 4)
The satellite S4, adjacent to the S3 and part of terminal 2E, officially opened on 28 June 2012. It corresponds now to gates M of terminal 2E. Dedicated to long-haul flights, it has the ability to handle 16 aircraft at the same time, with an expected capacity of 7.8 million passengers per year. Its opening has led to the relocation of all SkyTeam airlines to terminals 2E (for international carriers), 2F (for Schengen European carriers) and 2G.
Recent terminal reassignments
Air France has moved all of its operations previously located at 2C to 2E. In October 2012, 2F closed its international operations and became completely Schengen, allowing for all Air France flights previously operating in 2D to relocate to 2F.
Further, in April 2013, Terminal 2B closed for a complete renovation (with all airlines relocating to 2D) and received upgrades including the addition of a second floor completely dedicated to arrivals. Terminal 2B reopened on 2 June 2021. Airlines including the
Lufthansa group,
Aegean Airlines,
easyJet,
Icelandair,
LOT Polish Airlines,
Norwegian Air Shuttle,
Play,
Royal Air Maroc, and
Scandinavian Airlines began operations at Terminal 2B until 2 December 2022, when the airlines except easyJet and Royal Air Maroc moved back to Terminal 1. Low-cost carrier easyJet has shown interest in being the sole carrier at 2B.[18][irrelevant citation] To facilitate connections, a new boarding area between 2A and 2C was opened in March 2012. It allows for all security and passport control to be handled in a single area, allows for many new shopping opportunities as well as new airline lounges, and eases transfer restrictions between 2A and 2C. Terminal 2D was closed during the pandemic and received the same upgrade including an additional floor. Terminal 2D reopened on 18 April 2023 and some airlines have moved operations to the terminal.[13]
Terminals 2A and 2C are closed for baggage renovation system for 18 months (with all airlines relocating to Terminal 1 or 2B).[b]
Terminal 3
Terminal 3 is located 1 km (0.62 mi) away from Terminal 1. It consists of one single building for arrivals and departures. The walking distance between Terminals 1 and 3 is 3 km (1.9 mi); however, the rail station (named as "CDG Airport Terminal 1") for RER and CDGVAL trains are only at a distance of 300 m (980 ft). Terminal 3 has no boarding gates constructed and all passengers are ferried by airport buses to the aircraft stands.
Terminal usage during COVID-19 pandemic
The airport's services during the pandemic were sharply reduced. On 30 March 2020, the airport announced it would temporary close Terminals 1 and 3, moving all remaining flights to Terminal 2. Terminal 2D was also closed during the pandemic and only Terminals 2A, 2C, 2E, 2F and 2G were opened. At the beginning of the pandemic, airlines were grouped by alliances: Star Alliance airlines operated at Terminal 2A, where Air Canada and Ethiopian Airlines operated prior to the pandemic, Oneworld airlines shifted their operations to Terminal 2C, and SkyTeam airlines operated at Terminals 2E and 2F. Between December 2020 and June 2021, only Terminals 2E and 2F were opened with non-Schengen flights operating at Terminal 2E and Schengen flights operated at Terminal 2F. 2B reopened on 2 June 2021 and some airlines were shifted to that concourse. Terminals 2A, 2C and 2D were then reopened for more space. Between June 2021 and December 2022, Star Alliance airlines operated at Terminals 2A (non-Schengen) and 2B (Schengen), Oneworld airlines operated at Terminals 2C (non-Schengen) and 2D (Schengen) and SkyTeam airlines operated at Terminals 2E (non-Schengen), 2F and 2G (both Schengen). However, Star Alliance airlines flights to Asia except Singapore Airlines, who operated at Terminal 2A were operating at Terminal 2E due to the capacity restrictions at Terminal 2A. Terminal 3 reopened on 3 May 2022 for the use of all charter and low cost airlines.[19] Terminal 1 remained closed for renovation at that time. It reopened on 1 December 2022 to reduce traffic at Terminal 2.[20]
Cancelled project for Terminal 4
Plans for a new terminal, Terminal 4, were first announced in 2014. With an estimated cost of €9bn, the new terminal was to be built around 2025, when Charles de Gaulle Airport's maximum capacity of 80 million would have been reached. When constructed, the new terminal would have been able to accommodate 30–40 million passengers per year and would have likely been built north of Terminal 2E.[21][22] However, the Terminal 4 proposal was cancelled in 2021 due to reduced traffic resulting from the
COVID-19 pandemic and new environmental regulations making the project unfeasible.[23] Environmentalist groups hailed the cancellation of the project as a "great victory."[22]
Roissypôle
Roissypôle is a complex consisting of office buildings, shopping areas, hotels, and a bus coach and RER B station within Charles de Gaulle Airport. The complex includes the head office of Air France,[24]Continental Square,[25] the
Hilton Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport,[26] and le Dôme building. Le Dôme includes the head office of Air France Consulting, an Air France subsidiary.[27] Continental Square has the head office of Air France subsidiary
Servair[28] and the Air France Vaccinations Centre.[29]
The airport's terminals are served by a free automated shuttle rail system, consisting of two lines (
CDGVAL and LISA).
CDGVAL (Charles de Gaulle Véhicule Automatique Léger, English: Charles de Gaulle light automatic vehicle) links Terminal 1, parking lot PR,
Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1 RER station (located inside Roissypôle and next to Terminal 3), Parking lot PX, and the
Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV and RER station located between Terminals 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F
LISA (Liaison Interne Satellite Aérogare, English: Connection internal satellite terminal) links Terminal 2E to the Satellite S3 (L Gates) and Satellite S4 (M Gates).
RER
Charles de Gaulle Airport is connected to central Paris by the
RER B, a hybrid
suburban commuter and
rapid transit line. The service has two stations on the airport grounds:[123]
Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1 station, located inside Roissypôle and next to Terminal 3. The station provides the fastest access to Terminal 1 via a connection on CDGVAL.
The RER B has historically suffered from slowness and overcrowding, so French authorities are building
CDG Express, a train service that will operate non-stop from Charles de Gaulle Airport to Paris
Gare de l'Est railway station (next to Gare du Nord) starting in 2027. It will however share the same sets of tracks that RER B, and will offer a lower frequency, resulting in an overall similar travel time.[124]
TGV
Terminal 2 includes a
TGV station on the
LGV Interconnexion Est line.
TGV inOui,
Ouigo and
Thalys high-speed services operate from the station offering services to stations across France and into Belgium and the Netherlands.
Bus
Roissybus offers non-stop express service between
Opéra station of the
Paris Métro and Charles de Gaulle airport, making stops at all terminals (except 2G).
"Magical Shuttle" offers non-stop express service between
Disneyland Paris and Charles de Gaulle airport, making stops at Terminal 1 and Terminal 2E/2F.
RATP bus 350 offers local (all-stops) service between
Gare de l'Est/
Gare du Nord in Paris and Charles de Gaulle airport, all terminals (except 2G) and other areas of the airport.
RATP bus 351 offers local service between
Nation station in Paris,
Gallieni station, all terminals (except 2G) and other areas of the airport.
Noctilien routes N140 and N143 offers local service during the overnight hours between Gare de l'Est/Gare du Nord in Paris and Charles de Gaulle airport, all terminals (except 2G) and other areas of the airport.
Several
low-cost airlines also advertise
Beauvais–Tillé Airport and
Châlons Vatry Airport, respectively 85 kilometres (53 mi) and 165 kilometres (103 mi) from Paris proper, as serving "Paris" with Paris–Beauvais and Paris–Vatry. Beauvais airport has no railway connections, but there is a shuttle bus to central Paris 15 times daily.
Accidents and incidents
On 6 January 1993,
Lufthansa Flight 5634 from
Bremen to Paris, which was carried out under the
Lufthansa CityLine brand using a Contact Air
Dash 8–300 (
registered D-BEAT), hit the ground 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) short of the runway of Charles de Gaulle Airport, resulting in the death of four out of the 23 passengers on board. The four crew members survived. The accident occurred after the pilot had to abort the
final approach to the airport because the runway had been closed: the aircraft immediately ahead, a
Korean AirBoeing 747, had suffered a blown tire upon landing.[125]
On 25 July 2000, a
Concorde,
Air France Flight 4590 from Charles de Gaulle to
John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, crashed into Les Relais Bleus Hotel in
Gonesse, killing everyone on the aircraft and four people on the ground. Investigations concluded that a tire burst during take-off roll, after running over a metal strip on the runway that had detached from a
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 operating as Continental Airlines Flight 55, which departed shortly before, leading to a ruptured fuel tank and resulting in engine failure and other damage. Concorde was conducting a charter flight for a German tour company.
On 25 May 2001, a freight-carrying
Short SH36 (operated as Streamline flight 200), departing to
Luton, England, collided on the runway with departing
Air Liberté flight 8807, an
MD-83 jet. The first officer of the SH36 was killed when the wing tip of the MD-83 tore through his side of the flight deck. The captain was slightly injured and all others aboard survived.
^All North American, Middle East, African and Asian routes expect
American Airlines,
El Al,
Royal Jordanian and the two French overseas airlines moved operations to Terminal 1. All European routes, American Airlines, El Al, Royal Jordanian, and the two French overseas airlines moved operations to Terminal 2B.
^Sydney is continuation of Perth flight as same flight number