Charles de Lorraine, 4th Duke of Guise and 3rd Prince of Joinville (20 August 1571 – 30 September 1640), was the son of
Henry I, Duke of Guise and
Catherine of Cleves, and succeeded his father as Duke of Guise in 1588. Initially part of the Catholic league, he pledged his support for
Henry IV of France and was made Admiral of the Levant by
Louis XIII of France. After siding with the Queen Mother,
Marie de' Medici, against
Cardinal Richelieu, he fled to
Italy with his family where he died in 1640.
During the reign of Louis XIII, Charles was created
Grand Master of France and Admiral of the Levant.[7]
Falling into disfavor with
Cardinal Richelieu for siding with
Marie de' Medici, he withdrew to
Italy in 1631.[8] His wife and younger children joined him in
Florence, where the family was protected by the
House of Medici. His sons François and Charles Louis died in Italy during these years of exile. Duke Charles himself died in
Cuna in 1640. His widow and children (among them
Marie, Mademoiselle de Guise) were permitted to return to France in 1643.
François (3 April 1612 – 7 December 1639),
Prince of Joinville,[10] who died in
Florence during the family's exile and was buried in the church of
San Lorenzo and later reinterred at Joinville. He was deemed "the most accomplished prince of his day."
Twin boys (4 March 1613 – 19 March 1613), who were very frail and sickly. They died on the same day.
A girl, called Mademoiselle de Joinville (4 March 1617 – 18 January 1618), who was born healthy but caught a cold in the winter of 1617 and died shortly thereafter.
Charles Louis (15 July 1618 – 15 March 1637, who also died in
Florence) and was buried at
San Lorenzo and later at Joinville, styled
Duke of Joyeuse
Françoise Renée (10 January 1621 – 4 December 1682,
Montmartre), Abbess of Montmartre[8]
Roger (21 March 1624 – died 9 September 1653) called the Chevalier de Joinville and later the Chevalier de Guise, [11]Knight of the
Order of Malta, died of fever at
Cambrai and buried near his ancestors at Joinville.
Bernstein, Hilary (2004). Between Crown and Community: Politics and Civic Culture in Sixteenth-century Poitiers. Cornell University Press.
Collins, James (2017). "Dynasty Instability, the Emergence of the French Monarchical Commonwealth and the Coming of the Rhetoric of L'etat, 1360s to 1650s". In von Friedeburg, Robert; Morrill, John (eds.). Monarchy Transformed: Princes and their Elites in Early Modern Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 87-126.
Kettering, Sharon (1986). Patrons, Brokers, and Clients in Seventeenth-century France. Oxford University Press.
Munns, Jessica; Richards, Penny; Spangler, Jonathan, eds. (2015). Aspiration, Representation and Memory: The Guise in Europe, 1506–1688. Ashgate Publishing.
Schalk, Ellery (2001). Mentzer, Raymond A. (ed.). "Marseille and the Urban Experience in Sixteenth-Century France: Communal Values, Religious Reform and Absolutism". Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques. 27, No. 2, Aristocracies and Urban Elites in Early Modern France: A Tribute to Ellery Schalk (Summer): 241-300.
Spangler, Jonathan (2016). The Society of Princes: The Lorraine-Guise and the Conservation of Power and Wealth in Seventeenth-Century France. Routledge.
Tenace, Edward Shannon (2012). "Messianic Imperialism or Traditional Dynasticism? The Grand Strategy of Philip II and the Spanish Failure in the Wars of the 1590s". In
Andrade, Tonio; Reger, William (eds.). The Limits of Empire: European Imperial Formations in Early Modern World. Ashgate Publishing. p. 281-308.