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Changshu
常熟市 | |
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Coordinates (Changshu government): 31°39′22″N 120°45′11″E / 31.656°N 120.753°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Jiangsu |
Prefecture-level city | Suzhou |
Government | |
• CPC Changshu Committee Secretary | Wang Xiang |
Area | |
• Total | 1,264 km2 (488 sq mi) |
Population (2018) | |
• Total | 1,515,900 |
• Density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+8 ( China Standard) |
Postal code | 215500 |
Area code | 0512 |
Website |
changshu |
Changshu ( Chinese: 常熟; pinyin: Chángshú; Wade–Giles: Ch'ang-shu'; lit. 'evergrow'; Suzhounese: /d͡ʐan¹³ ʐoʔ²³/) [2] is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, and is part of the Yangtze River Delta. It borders the prefecture-level city of Nantong to the northeast across the Yangtze River. Due to the mild climate and terrain there, it has enjoyed a high level of agricultural civilization since ancient times, and is named after this, for the first character of its name ( 常) means "always, often", while the second ( 熟) means "ripe". The name of the adjacent county-level city of Taicang means "great granary".
Changshu first became an independent county in 540 AD, but in 581 was made subordinate to Suzhou. It was promoted to seat of a full prefecture in 1295, was rebuilt and fortified in the 14th century, but in 1370 was reduced again to the level of a county. In the 15th and 16th centuries Changshu was several times attacked by Japanese pirates.
Changshu has traditionally been a market town for locally produced rice, corn, wheat, tea, and mulberry leaves, and since the 13th century has been a major cotton-producing district. Although administratively still a subordinate city to Suzhou, it is a provincial base of foreign trade. Currently a harbour is being developed on the Yangtze River near Changshu to service Suzhou and Wuxi.
The city's major industries include textiles, paper-making, fine chemicals, machinery, steel and forestry products. The city has more than 4,000 textile and apparel companies with combined annual sales of RMB50 billion. The paper-making industry has attracted more the US$15 billion of FDI. By the end of 2007, this industry exceeded 2.4 million tons. [3]
More than 2,000 foreign enterprises have invested in Changshu including big names such as Sharp and Dunlop. Of the contracted investment at least one-third has come from Taiwan – more than 500 Taiwan enterprises have invested more than US$100 million in the city.[ citation needed] UPM-Kymmene from Finland has been running a paper mill in the city since 1999 and now has an annual capacity of 200,000 tons of coated and 600,000 tons of uncoated fine paper.[ citation needed]
Changshu is divided into 2 subdistricts and 9 towns. [4]
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Climate data for Changshu (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 21.5 (70.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
35.6 (96.1) |
37.3 (99.1) |
39.1 (102.4) |
38.9 (102.0) |
36.5 (97.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
27.2 (81.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
39.1 (102.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.5 (83.3) |
32.5 (90.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
15.7 (60.3) |
21.0 (69.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
28.6 (83.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
18.9 (66.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
2.7 (36.9) |
6.4 (43.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
17.1 (62.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.4 (77.7) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.4 (38.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −8.6 (16.5) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
0.6 (33.1) |
8.6 (47.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
12.1 (53.8) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 66.7 (2.63) |
61.7 (2.43) |
83.6 (3.29) |
83.5 (3.29) |
88.5 (3.48) |
218.5 (8.60) |
181.5 (7.15) |
173.7 (6.84) |
99.4 (3.91) |
61.0 (2.40) |
60.8 (2.39) |
43.2 (1.70) |
1,222.1 (48.11) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.3 | 10.0 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 13.7 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 9.0 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 126.2 |
Average snowy days | 2.9 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 6.6 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 75 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 80 | 79 | 80 | 78 | 74 | 75 | 73 | 76 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 115.1 | 118.1 | 140.2 | 162.3 | 170.7 | 127.1 | 187.1 | 188.9 | 159.4 | 159.2 | 130.5 | 131.4 | 1,790 |
Percent possible sunshine | 36 | 38 | 38 | 42 | 40 | 30 | 43 | 46 | 43 | 46 | 42 | 42 | 41 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration [5] [6] |
The China National Highway 204 Yantai- Nantong-Changshu- Shanghai, Sujiahang Expressway and Suzhou- Jiaxing- Hangzhou all pass through Changshu. Changshu has one Yangtze River crossing, the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge, one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world. [7]
Local people generally believe in Buddhism, Taoism, Protestantism and Catholicism. Changshu Christian Church is a Protestant church in the city.