Adenoviruses are effective vectors for inducing and boosting
cellular immunity to encoded recombinant
antigens. However, the widespread
seroprevalence of neutralizing
antibodies to common human adenovirus
serotypes limits their use. Simian adenoviruses do not suffer from the same disadvantages. Therefore, investigators have tested new vaccines using the chimp adenovirus ChAdOx1 as a vector. For example, a vaccine for
influenza infection was designed using the vector expressing influenza antigens,
nucleoprotein (NP), and
matrix protein 1 (M1), creating a vaccine candidate named ChAdOx1 NP+M1.[1]
It has been demonstrated that the adenoviridae vector ChAdOx1 can be used to make vaccinations that are protective against
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in mice and able to induce immune response against MERS in humans.[4][5]
The vector was also used to create a vaccine against
Nipah which was effective in hamsters (but never proven in humans),[6] in addition to a potential vaccine for
Rift Valley Fever that was protective in sheep, goats, and cattle (but not proven in humans).[7]
The adenovirus expressing the antigen 85A (ChAdOx1 85A), is used as vector for a
tuberculosis vaccine candidate.[8]
In 2017, the ChAdOx1 vector was used in a trial for a vaccine candidate against human
malaria infection. The researchers studied two candidate vaccines ChAdOx1 LS2 along with MVA LS2. The former, encoding a malaria liver-stage dual antigen LS2 (LSA1 and LSAP2) fused with the transmembrane domain from shark invariant chain. And the latter, a
Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector encoding the LS2 fused to the C-terminal end of the leader sequence of tPA. The trial reached the
phase I/IIa.[9]
There are also investigation lines that use the vector for vaccines against the
Zika virus (ChAdOx1 ZIKV)[10] and the
Chikungunya virus (ChAdOx1 sCHIKV).[11]
^López-Camacho C, Dowall S, Graham V, Findlay-Wilson S, Rayner E, Kim YC, et al. (14 January 2019). "A Zika vaccine based on chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1 elicits lineage-transcending sterile immunity and prevents colonisation of brain and ovaries".
bioRxiv10.1101/514877.