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Genus of flowering plants
Cephalanthus is a
genus of
flowering plants in the
family
Rubiaceae . There are about six species that are commonly known as buttonbush .
[1]
[2]
Description
They are
shrubs or small
trees growing to 5–15 m (16–49 ft) tall. The
leaves are simple, arranged in opposite pairs or whorls of three. The
flowers form a dense globular
inflorescence .
Distribution and habitat
Cephalanthus occidentalis is
native to the eastern
United States and
Canada . The others
occur in
tropical regions of the
Americas ,
Africa and
Asia .
[3] Two species are known in
cultivation .
[4]
Systematics
Cephalanthus was
named by
Linnaeus in
Species Plantarum in 1753.
[5] The
generic name is
derived from the
Ancient Greek words κέφαλη (kephale ), meaning "head", and ἄνθος (anthos ), meaning "flower".
[6]
Taxonomy
Cephalanthus is the most
basal genus in the
tribe
Naucleeae .
[7] Some authors have
segregated it into its own
monotypic tribe.
[8] The
type species is
Cephalanthus occidentalis .
[9]
Species
Cephalanthus angustifolius
Lour. -
Laos ,
Cambodia ,
Vietnam
Cephalanthus glabratus (
Spreng. )
K.Schum. - sarandí -
Brazil ,
Argentina ,
Paraguay ,
Uruguay
Cephalanthus natalensis
Oliv. -
Tanzania ,
Malawi ,
Zambia ,
Lesotho ,
Eswatini ,
South Africa
Cephalanthus occidentalis
L. - button-willow, common buttonbush, honey-bells -
Cuba , eastern
Canada , eastern, central and southern
United States ,
California ,
Arizona ,
New Mexico
Cephalanthus salicifolius
Humb. &
Bonpl. - Mexican buttonbush, willowleaf buttonbush -
Mexico ,
Honduras , extreme southern tip of
Texas
Cephalanthus tetrandrus (
Roxb. )
Ridsdale &
Bakh.f.
[2]
[10]
[11] -
tropical Asia from
India to
China and
Thailand
Fossil record
16
fossil
mericarps of †Chephalanthus pusillus have been described from
middle Miocene
strata of the Fasterholt area near
Silkeborg in Central
Jutland ,
Denmark .
[12]
References
^
The Plant List, Cephalanthus
^
a
b
Flora of China, Cephalanthus
^ Mabberley DJ (2008). Mabberley's Plant Book (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
978-0-521-82071-4 .
^ Huxley AJ et al. (eds.) The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. 1992.
ISBN
978-0-333-47494-5
^ Linnaeus, C.
Cephalanthus . Species Plantarum . 1753. 1: 95
^ Quattrocchi, U. (2000).
CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names . Vol. 1. Boca Raton, New York, Washington DC, London: CRC Press. p. 476.
ISBN
978-0-8493-2675-2 .
^ Manns, U. and B. Bremer. 2010.
Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(1), 21-39.
doi :
10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002
^ Ridsdale CE (1976). "A revision of the tribe Cephalantheae (Rubiaceae)". Blumea . 23 (1): 177–88.
^
Cephalanthus . Index Nominum Genericorum. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
^
"Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsdale & Bakh.f." WFO Plant list . June 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023 .
^
"Cephalanthus tetrandrus (Roxb.) Ridsdale & Bakh.f." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 August 2023 .
^ Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by
Else Marie Friis , The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985
External links