The key feature of Candelariella species are the distinct yellow
apothecia.[3] Although all species are very small, even the smallest can be identified by the lemon-yellow to orange-yellow discs. Most species have a yellow thallus, although Candelariella antennaria is one example with a grey
thallus. Some species are
pycnidiate. This genus will generally have all
spot tests emerge as negative, although K tests may have an orange or reddish colour on some species' apothecia.[5]
Spore count between species varies from 8 to 32 simply or thinly
septate spores. Spores often hold one to two oil drops.[5]
Habitat and distribution
Candelariella species are found across the globe, although most commonly described in North America, Asia, and Australia. Species can be found on
calcareous and non-calcareous rock, soil, tree bark, mosses, and other lichens. While some species may grow only on rock, and others only on trees, the more generalist species can be found in a variety of locations.[5]
^Räsänen, V. (1939). "II. Contribucion a la flora liquenologica sudamericana". Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina. 128: 133–147.
^McCarthy, P.M.; Elix, J.A. (2017). "A new species and new record of Candelariella (lichenized Ascomycota, Candelariaceae) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 81: 79–85.
^Yakovchenko, Lidia S.; Vondrák, Jan; Ohmura, Yoshihito; Korchikov, Evgeny S.; Vondrákova, Olga S.; Davydov, Evgeny A. (2017). "Candelariella blastidiata sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Candelariaceae) from Eurasia and North America, and a key for grey thalli Candelariella". The Lichenologist. 49 (2): 117–126.
doi:
10.1017/s0024282917000020.
S2CID90684011.
^Khodosovtsev, A.; Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Kärnefelt, I. (2004). "Candelariella boikoi, a new lichen species from Eurasia". Graphis Scripta. 16: 11–15.
^Etayo, J.; Palice, Z.; Spribille, T. (2009). "Candelariella boleana, a new epiphytic species from southern and central Europe (Candelariaceae, Ascomycota)". Nova Hedwigia. 89 (3–4): 545–552.
doi:
10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0089-0545.
^Tripp, Erin A.; Lendemer, James C. (2015). "Erratum:Candelariella clarkii corrected to Candelariella clarkiae". The Bryologist. 118 (2): 240.
doi:
10.1639/bryo-118-02-240-240.1.
S2CID86080184.
^Otte, V.; Yakovchenko, L.;
Clerc, Ph.; Westberg, M. (2013). "Candelariella commutata sp. nov. for C. unilocularis auct. medioeur. – an arctic-alpine lichen on calcareous substrata from the Caucasus and Europe". Herzogia. 26 (2): 217–222.
doi:
10.13158/heia.26.2.2013.217.
S2CID84172475.
^
abWestberg, Martin; Morse, Caleb A.; Wedin, Mats (2011). "Two new species of Candelariella and a key to the Candelariales (lichenized Ascomycetes) in North America". The Bryologist. 114 (2): 325–334.
doi:
10.1639/0007-2745-114.2.325.
S2CID85595644.
^Harris, R.C.; Buck, W.R. (1978). "Lichens of the Mackinac Straits Region. II. Candelariella Mull. Arg". The Michigan Botanist. 17: 155–161.