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Archduke Charles at the Battle of Caldiero
Caldiero 1805 order of battle
The armies of the
First French Empire and the
Austrian Empire fought the
Battle of Caldiero from 29 to 31 October 1805 just east of
Verona in
Italy .
Marshal
André Masséna led the
French Army of Italy while
Archduke Charles commanded the Austrian Armee von Italien . Historians variously call the battle a French victory,
[1] an Austrian victory,
[2] or indecisive.
[3] Austrian losses were over 5,500, while the French suffered at least 5,000 casualties. Archduke Charles began a withdrawal from Italy on 1 November.
[4] The retreat ended in early December with Archduke Charles's army intact at
Kormend in western
Hungary . Unfortunately for Austria, by this time,
Emperor Napoleon had decisively defeated the Austro-Russian army at the
Battle of Austerlitz .
[5]
French order of battle
André Masséna
Army of Italy :
Marshal
André Masséna
[6]
Left Wing
Commander: Masséna
Attached:
2nd Italian Line Infantry Regiment (2 battalions)
Reine
Dragoon Regiment (4 squadrons)
1st Division: General of Division
Gaspard Amédée Gardanne
1st Brigade: General of Brigade
Louis Fursy Henri Compère
22nd Light Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
52nd Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Louis François Lanchatin
29th Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
101st Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
Attached:
Gabriel Molitor
3rd Division: General of Division
Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor
1st Brigade: General of Brigade Jean-Marie Auguste Aulnay de Launay
23rd Line Infantry Regiment (4 battalions)
79th Line Infantry Regiment (4 battalions)
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Jean-Baptiste Herbin-Dessaux
5th Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
3rd Brigade: General of Brigade Guy Louis Henri de Valory
60th Line Infantry Regiment (4 battalions)
Attached:
29th Dragoon Regiment (4 squadrons)
8/2nd Foot Artillery Battery
Guillaume Duhesme
4th Division: General of Division
Guillaume Philibert Duhesme
1st Brigade: General of Brigade
François Goullus
1st Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
102nd Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Jean Le Camus
14th Light Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
20th Line Infantry Regiment (4 battalions)
Attached:
25th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment (4 squadrons)
19/2nd Foot Artillery Battery
1st Brigade: General of Brigade
Nicolas Bernard Guiot de Lacour
24th Dragoon Regiment (4 squadrons)
30th Dragoon Regiment (4 squadrons)
Reserve Division: General of Division
Louis Partouneaux
1st Brigade: General of Brigade
Jean-Baptiste Solignac
1st Carabinier battalion
2nd
Grenadier battalion
3rd Grenadier battalion
4th Grenadier battalion
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade François Valentin
5th Grenadier battalion
6th Grenadier battalion
7th Grenadier battalion
8th Grenadier battalion
Attached:
4/4th Horse Artillery Battery
Reserve Cavalry Division: General of Division
Julien Mermet
1st Brigade: Detached to 4th Division.
2nd Brigade: Colonel
François-Joseph d'Offenstein
7th
Cuirassier Regiment (4 squadrons)
8th Cuirassier Regiment (4 squadrons)
Attached:
3/1st Horse Artillery Battery
Light Cavalry Division: General of Division
Jean Louis d'Espagne
1st Brigade: General of Brigade
César Alexandre Debelle
3rd Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment (4 squadrons)
14th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment (4 squadrons)
2nd Brigade: Colonel
Antoine Maurin
15th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment (4 squadrons)
24th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment (4 squadrons)
Attached:
4/1st Horse Artillery Battery
Right Wing
Jean-Antoine Verdier
Commander: General of Division
Jean-Antoine Verdier
2nd Division: Verdier
1st Brigade: General of Brigade
Antoine Digonet
23rd Light Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
10th Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Jacques Brun
56th Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
62nd Line Infantry Regiment (4 battalions)
3rd Brigade: Colonel
François Léon Ormancey
4th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment (4 squadrons)
19th Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment (4 squadrons)
3/4th Foot Artillery Battery
Attached:
Foot Dragoons (1 squadron)
17/2nd Foot Artillery Battery
Cavalry Division: General of Division Charles Randon de Pully
1st Brigade: General of Brigade Maurice Fresia
4th Cuirassier Regiment (4 squadrons)
6th Cuirassier Regiment (4 squadrons)
2nd Brigade: Colonel Archange Louis Rioult-Davenay
North of Verona
Commander: General of Division
Jean Mathieu Seras (not engaged)
5th Division: Seras
1st Brigade: General of Brigade Jacques Laurent Gilly
Légion Corse (1 battalion)
8th Light Infantry Regiment (2 battalions)
53rd Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
2nd Brigade: General of Brigade Pierre-Joseph Guillet
81st Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
106th Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
3rd Brigade: General of Brigade
Claude François de Malet
13th Line Infantry Regiment (3 battalions)
4th Brigade: General of Brigade Jean Jacques Schilt
9th Line Infantry Regiment (2 battalions)
Artillery: Italian Foot Artillery Battery
Austrian Army order of battle
A few months before the outbreak of war, Austrian infantry regiments were reorganized into four line battalions and one grenadier battalion. Each battalion consisted of four companies each of 160 musketeers.
[7]
Archduke Charles
Armee von Italien:
Feldmarschall
Archduke Charles
[8]
Right Wing
Commander: Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Joseph Anton von Simbschen
Division Simbschen
Brigade: General-Major
Johann Maria Philipp Frimont
St. Georges
Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 6 (3 battalions)
Ferdinand
Hussar Regiment Nr. 3 (4 squadrons)
Brigade: Friedrich Kottunlinsky
Schröder Infantry Regiment Nr. 7 (4 battalions)
Lindenau Infantry Regiment Nr. 29 (4 battalions)
Brigade: Stephan Mihaljevich
[9]
Splenyi Infantry Regiment Nr. 51 (4 battalions)
Brigade: Karl Soudain von Niederwerth
Coburg Infantry Regiment Nr. 22 (4 battalions)
Hohenlohe-Bartenstein Infantry Regiment Nr. 26 (4 battalions)
Center
Heinrich von Bellegarde
Commander:
General der Kavallerie
Count Heinrich von Bellegarde
Division (1st Line): Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Ludwig von Vogelsang
Brigade: General-Major Joseph Wetzel
Archduke Ferdinand Infantry Regiment Nr. 2 (4 battalions)
Franz Jellacic Infantry Regiment Nr. 62 (4 battalions)
Brigade: General-Major Georg Croll von Herzberg
Grenadier battalion Bellegarde Nr. 44
Grenadier battalion Reisky Nr. 13
Grenadier battalion Lattermann Nr. 45
Grenadier battalion Schröder Nr. 7
Grenadier battalion Archduke Rudolf Nr. 16
Grenadier battalion Archduke Josef Nr. 63
Grenadier battalion Wenzel Colloredo Nr. 56
Cavalry Division: Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Andreas O'Reilly von Ballinlough
Kaiser
Chevau-léger Regiment Nr. 1 (8 squadrons)
Kienmayer Hussar Regiment Nr. 8 (8 squadrons)
Division (2nd Line): Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Karl Friedrich von Lindenau
Brigade: General-Major Guido Lippa von Duba
Grenadier battalion Coburg Nr. 22
Grenadier battalion Hohenlohe Nr. 26
Grenadier battalion Strassoldo Nr. 27
Grenadier battalion Lindenau Nr. 29
Brigade: General-Major
Prince Ludwig of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
Grenadier battalion Archduke Ferdinand Nr. 2
Grenadier battalion Sztarray Nr. 33
Grenadier battalion Davidovich Nr. 34
Grenadier battalion Auffenberg Nr. 37
Grenadier battalion Franz Jellacic Nr. 62
Brigade: unknown
Esterhazy Infantry Regiment Nr. 34 (4 battalions)
Cavalry Division: Feldmarschall-Leutnant Prince Joseph of Lorraine-Vaudémont
Levenehr Dragoon Regiment Nr. 4 (8 squadrons)
Savoy Dragoon Regiment Nr. 5 (8 squadrons)
Left Wing
Prince Reuss-Plauen
Commander: Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
Division: Reuss
Brigade: General-Major Johann Kalnássy
Vukassovich Infantry Regiment Nr. 48 (4 battalions)
Archduke Franz Carl Infantry Regiment Nr. 52 (4 battalions)
Brigade: General-Major
Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld
Grenadier battalion Esterhazy Nr. 34
Grenadier battalion Vukassovich Nr. 48
Grenadier battalion Splenyi Nr. 51
Grenadier battalion Saint-Julien Nr. 61
Grenadier battalion Archduke Franz Carl Nr. 52
Attached Cavalry:
Archduke Charles
Uhlan Regiment Nr. 3 (8 squadrons)
Far Left Wing
Commander: General-Major
Armand von Nordmann
Division: Nordmann
Brigade: General-Major Franz Anthony von Siegenfeld
Kreutzer Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 5 (3 battalions)
Gradiscaner Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 8 (1 battalion)
Brigade: Nordmann
Gradiscaner Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 8 (2 battalions)
Grenadier battalion Anspach Nr. 10
Erdödy Hussar Regiment Nr. 9 (8 squadrons)
Reserve
Commander: Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Eugène-Guillaume Argenteau
Brigade: General-Major
Alois von Gavasini
Archduke Rudolf Infantry Regiment Nr. 16 (4 battalions)
Lattermann Infantry Regiment Nr. 45 (3 battalions)
Stipczic Hussar Regiment Nr. 10 (8 squadrons)
Detached Corps
Joseph Radetzky
Commander: Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Paul Davidovich (not engaged)
[10]
Division: Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Prince Franz Seraph of Rosenberg-Orsini
[11]
Brigade: General-Major
Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
Szluiner Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 4 (3 battalions)
Ott Hussars Nr. 5 (8 squadrons)
Brigade: General-Major Peter Knesevich
Reiski Infantry Regiment Nr. 13 (4 battalions)
Archduke Joseph Infantry Regiment Nr. 63 (4 battalions)
Archduke Joseph Hussar Regiment Nr. 2 (6 squadrons)
Division: General-Major Wunibald Löwenberg
Brigade: Löwenberg
1st Banat Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 10 (3 battalions)
Archduke Joseph Hussar Regiment Nr. 2 (2 squadrons)
Detached Division
Commander: Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Josef Philipp Vukassovich (replaced by Rosenberg) (not engaged)
Division: Rosenberg vice Vukassovich
Brigade: General-Major Hannibal Sommariva
Licaner Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 1 (3 battalions)
Ottocaner Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 2 (1 battalion)
2nd Banat Grenz Infantry Regiment Nr. 11 (3 battalions)
Archduke Ferdinand Hussar Regiment Nr. 3 (4 squadrons)
Brigade: General-Major Karl Hillinger
Davidovich Infantry Regiment Nr. 34 (4 battalions)
Auffenberg Infantry Regiment Nr. 37 (3 battalions)
^ Alain Pigeard. Dictionnaire des batailles de Napoléon . Tallandier, Bibliotheque Napoléonienne, 2004.
ISBN
2-84734-073-4 , p. 170.
^
Rothenberg, Gunther E. (1980). The Art of Warfare in the Age of Napoleon .
Bloomington, Ind. :
Indiana University Press . p. 94.
ISBN
0-253-31076-8 .
^ Schneid, Frederick C. Napoleon's Italian Campaigns: 1805–1815 . Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 2002.
ISBN
0-275-96875-8 , p. 40.
^ Schneid, p. 39.
^ Rothenberg, p. 99.
^ Schneid, pp 167–169. The entire French order of battle is from Schneid.
^ Rothenberg, p. 87.
^ Schneid, p 169-171. The Austrian Caldiero order of battle is from Schneid.
^ Schneid, p 164. Schneid lists "Michalowich" commanding the Nr. 51 and Nr. 34 IRs in the 18 October order of battle. But for Caldiero, IR Nr. 34 was detached to Lindenau's division and the author lists no commanders for either half-brigade.
^ Schneid, p 166. This order of battle is from 18 October, and does not include Gavasini's brigade which was transferred to Argentau's Reserve.
^ Schneid, p 28. After 18 October, Archduke Charles replaced Vukassovich with Rosenberg. It is not known who replaced Rosenberg.
References
Books
External links