The Bugei jūhappan (武芸十八般 "Eighteen Kinds Of Martial Arts") is a selection of combat techniques and
martial arts used by the
samurai of Tokugawa-era Japan.[1] Established by
Hirayama Gyozo, the concept is based on earlier Chinese traditions, such as Eighteen Arms of Wushu.[2][3]
Eighteen arts
The Eighteen Arts consist of a mixture of native Japanese and imported Chinese martial art techniques and tactics. Within each art, various
Ryū developed, with different methods of performing that particular art.[4] Certain Ryū, in turn, influenced the martial arts that were included in the list,
Asayama Ichiden-ryū,
Kukishin-ryū,
Shinden-Fudo-ryū and
Tagaki Yoshin-ryū.[5] The exact list varies, but is commonly held to include: