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Bruno Lemaitre
Bruno Lemaitre in 2016
Born (1965-09-21) September 21, 1965 (age 58)
NationalityFrench
Known forRole of Toll-like receptors in innate immunity
Academic background
Alma mater École Normale Supérieure
Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie
ThesisRegulation of P element transposition in Drosophila (1992)
Doctoral advisor Dario Coen
Academic work
Discipline Immunology
Sub-discipline Innate Immunity
Institutions École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Website https://www.epfl.ch/labs/lemaitrelab/

Bruno Lemaitre (born (1965-09-21)September 21, 1965 in Lille, France) is a French immunologist and a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). His research focuses on the mechanisms of innate immunity and endosymbiosis in Drosophila. [1] Lemaitre has also authored several books on the topic of narcissism in science. [2] [3] and a book on the philosophy of Michael Polanyi.

Career

Lemaitre obtained a PhD in genetics from the Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie in 1992, defending a thesis on the regulation of P element transposition in Drosophila. [4] [5] He then pursued work as research associate in the laboratory of Jules Hoffmann, where he identified Toll-like receptors as essential mediators of innate immunity in Drosophila. [6] This work was considered as a landmark paper by the Nobel prize committee and was featured in the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Hoffmann. [7] [8] [9] In 1998, he was appointed group leader at the Molecular Genetics Center of the French National Center for Scientific Research in Gif-sur-Yvette. He moved to EPFL in 2007 as a full professor within the Global Health Institute. [4]

Lemaitre has since 2016 published several books and essays related to the topic of narcissism in science [10] [11] [12] and society. [13] [14] He is co-author of various MOOCs and an exercise book in French on the topic of immunology. [15] [9]

Research

The Lemaitre laboratory studies various aspects of innate immunity using Drosophila as a genetic model. [1] The laboratory uses genetic screens as tools to identify novel factors involved in the immune response following microbial infection. His team has contributed to the better understanding the role of the Toll and NF-κB pathways in the activation of bacterial defense, as well as how the host's immune system discriminates between different bacterial pathogens. [16] [17] [18] [19] Lemaitre also studies host- microbiota interactions, [20] and more specifically how the microbiota influences gut homeostasis and morphology. [21]

Another aspect of interest to Lemaitre is to decipher the roles and mechanisms of the interactions occurring between Drosophila and its endosymbionts of the spiroplasma genus. [22] [23] [24]

Distinctions

Lemaitre received two Advanced Grants from the European Research Council for projects on gut immunity and homeostasis (2008) and Drosophila- Spiroplasma interactions (2013). [25]

Lemaitre was elected as an EMBO member in 2007. [26]

He received several research prizes, such as the Noury, Thorlet, Lazare Prize from the French Academy of Sciences (2001), the First Prize of the Schlumberger Foundation (2002), the William B. Coley Award for distinguished research in basic and tumor immunology (2003), the Lucien Tartois Prize from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (2006) and the Liliane Bettencourt Prize for Life Science (2010). [27]

See also

Bibliography

  • Bruno Lemaitre An essay on Science and Narcissism: How do high-ego personalities drive research? (2016. Published by Quanto in 2019)
  • Bruno Lemaitre Les dimensions de l'égo (Quanto, 2019) ISBN  2-88915-293-6
  • Lemaitre, Bruno (2022). Michael Polanyi : Le scientifique qui voulait réenchanter le monde (in French). Lausanne. ISBN  978-2-88915-502-6. OCLC  1351796396.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)
  • Petrignani, Bianca; Clavarino, Giovanna; Lemaitre, Bruno (24 September 2020). Immunologie exercices: QCM, questions de cours et problèmes résolus. EPFL Press. ISBN  978-2-88915-361-9.

References

  1. ^ a b "Research". www.epfl.ch. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  2. ^ "Les dimensions de l'égo - Séduction, dominance, manipulation: la société à l'épreuve des narcissiques - Bruno Lemaitre". EPFL Press. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  3. ^ "An Essay on Science and Narcissism - How do high-ego personalities drive research ? - Bruno Lemaitre". EPFL Press. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  4. ^ a b ORCID. "Bruno Lemaitre (0000-0001-7970-1667)". orcid.org. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  5. ^ Lemaitre, B.; Coen, D. (1991-05-15). "P regulatory products repress in vivo the P promoter activity in P-lacZ fusion genes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 88 (10): 4419–4423. Bibcode: 1991PNAS...88.4419L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.10.4419. ISSN  0027-8424. PMC  51671. PMID  1852009.
  6. ^ Lemaitre, Bruno; Nicolas, Emmanuelle; Michaut, Lydia; Reichhart, Jean-Marc; Hoffmann, Jules A. (1996-09-20). "The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults" (PDF). Cell. 86 (6): 973–983. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80172-5. ISSN  0092-8674. PMID  8808632. S2CID  10736743.
  7. ^ Goudet, Jean-Luc. "Nobel de médecine 2011 : 2 prix, dont un au Français Jules Hoffmann". Futura (in French). Retrieved 2021-01-05.
  8. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
  9. ^ a b "Bruno Lemaitre". Retrieved 2021-01-05.
  10. ^ correspondent, Hannah Devlin Science (2017-01-20). "Science falling victim to 'crisis of narcissism'". The Guardian. ISSN  0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  11. ^ "The Narcissistic Scientist". The Scientist Magazine®. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  12. ^ Lemaitre, Bruno (2017). "Science, narcissism and the quest for visibility". The FEBS Journal. 284 (6): 875–882. doi: 10.1111/febs.14032. ISSN  1742-4658. PMID  28186693. S2CID  24842416.
  13. ^ "Recherche scientifique : " Les personnalités narcissiques aiment les situations de crise "". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2020-05-16. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  14. ^ "Egos en mal de reconnaissance". www.laliberte.ch (in French). Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  15. ^ Petrignani, Bianca; Clavarino, Giovanna; Lemaitre, Bruno; Meystre, Alain (2020). Immunologie exercices : QCM, questions de cours et problèmes résolus (in French). Lausanne. ISBN  978-2-88915-361-9. OCLC  1200041708.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)
  16. ^ De Gregorio, Ennio; Spellman, Paul T.; Tzou, Phoebe; Rubin, Gerald M.; Lemaitre, Bruno (2002-06-03). "The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila". The EMBO Journal. 21 (11): 2568–2579. doi: 10.1093/emboj/21.11.2568. ISSN  0261-4189. PMC  126042. PMID  12032070.
  17. ^ Leulier, François; Parquet, Claudine; Pili-Floury, Sebastien; Ryu, Ji-Hwan; Caroff, Martine; Lee, Won-Jae; Mengin-Lecreulx, Dominique; Lemaitre, Bruno (May 2003). "The Drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition". Nature Immunology. 4 (5): 478–484. doi: 10.1038/ni922. ISSN  1529-2908. PMID  12692550. S2CID  2430114.
  18. ^ Tzou, Phoebe; De Gregorio, Ennio; Lemaitre, Bruno (2002-02-01). "How Drosophila combats microbial infection: a model to study innate immunity and host–pathogen interactions". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 5 (1): 102–110. doi: 10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00294-1. ISSN  1369-5274. PMID  11834378.
  19. ^ Vodovar, Nicolas; Vinals, Marisa; Liehl, Peter; Basset, Alan; Degrouard, Jeril; Spellman, Paul; Boccard, Frédéric; Lemaitre, Bruno (2005-08-09). "Drosophila host defense after oral infection by an entomopathogenic Pseudomonas species". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (32): 11414–11419. Bibcode: 2005PNAS..10211414V. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0502240102. ISSN  0027-8424. PMC  1183552. PMID  16061818.
  20. ^ Broderick, Nichole A.; Lemaitre, Bruno (2012-07-14). "Gut-associated microbes of Drosophila melanogaster". Gut Microbes. 3 (4): 307–321. doi: 10.4161/gmic.19896. ISSN  1949-0976. PMC  3463489. PMID  22572876.
  21. ^ Broderick, Nichole A.; Buchon, Nicolas; Lemaitre, Bruno (2014-07-01). "Microbiota-Induced Changes in Drosophila melanogaster Host Gene Expression and Gut Morphology". mBio. 5 (3): e01117-14. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01117-14. ISSN  2150-7511. PMC  4045073. PMID  24865556.
  22. ^ Herren, Jeremy K.; Lemaitre, Bruno (September 2011). "Spiroplasma and host immunity: activation of humoral immune responses increases endosymbiont load and susceptibility to certain Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster". Cellular Microbiology. 13 (9): 1385–1396. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01627.x. ISSN  1462-5822. PMID  21740495. S2CID  18141770.
  23. ^ Herren, Jeremy K.; Paredes, Juan C.; Schüpfer, Fanny; Lemaitre, Bruno (2013-05-01). "Vertical Transmission of a Drosophila Endosymbiont Via Cooption of the Yolk Transport and Internalization Machinery". mBio. 4 (2). doi: 10.1128/mBio.00532-12. ISSN  2150-7511. PMC  3585447. PMID  23462112.
  24. ^ Paredes, Juan C.; Herren, Jeremy K.; Schüpfer, Fanny; Lemaitre, Bruno (2016-09-07). "The Role of Lipid Competition for Endosymbiont-Mediated Protection against Parasitoid Wasps in Drosophila". mBio. 7 (4). doi: 10.1128/mBio.01006-16. ISSN  2150-7511. PMC  4958261. PMID  27406568.
  25. ^ "ERC FUNDED PROJECTS". ERC: European Research Council. Archived from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  26. ^ "Find people in the EMBO Communities". people.embo.org. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  27. ^ "Science Magazine - 17 December 2010 - page135". www.sciencemagazinedigital.org. Retrieved 2020-10-01.

External links

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