The British Purchasing Commission was a
United Kingdom organisation of the
Second World War. Also known at some time as the "Anglo-French Purchasing Board", it was based in
New York City, where it arranged the production and purchase of armaments from North American manufacturers. After the 1940
French Surrender it became the 'British Purchasing Commission'. The Commission was also responsible for taking over orders that had originally been placed by France, Belgium, and later by Norway, after the capitulation of those countries.
The Board had been established before the war buying aircraft such as the
Lockheed Super Electra.
Facing an
aeroplane shortage during the early stages of
World War II, in January 1940, the British government established the British Direct Purchase Commission to purchase US planes that would help supplement domestic plane production. By December 1940 British cash orders for aircraft had exceeded $1,200,000,000 with deliveries of 300-350 per month and were expected to reach 500 per month by "early in 1941".[1] The aircraft were supplied unarmed.
The requests by the Board to US manufacturers stimulated production and design including the development and production of what would become the
North American Mustang, which was designed for the Commission. Upon entry into
Royal Air Force (RAF) or other Commonwealth service an
Air Ministryservice name was applied, thus the Consolidated 28-5 became the '
Consolidated Catalina'.
Aircraft purchased by the Commission first had to be moved across the border into
Canada, due to the US' neutrality laws, it being illegal to transport 'war materials' direct from US ports. Sailing from
Halifax, Nova Scotia, smaller aircraft with insufficient range to make the journey across the Atlantic were delivered to the UK by ship as cargo, with the aircraft 'knocked down' into component sections and crated. Upon arrival in the UK crated aircraft were transported to
RAF Speke where they were assembled and test flown. Larger aircraft were
ferried directly across the Atlantic from
RCAF Gander to
RAF Prestwick, first by the Atlantic Ferry Organization ("Atfero"), and subsequently by
RAF Ferry Command.
After the establishment of
Lend-Lease, aircraft and other weapons could be supplied direct to the UK.
Curtiss SBC-4 - French order of 50 aircraft for
Aeronavale, last five delivered to UK and given service name "Curtiss Cleveland"
Curtiss Model 75 - French order, 316 delivered to France. Entered RAF service as "Curtiss Mohawk"
Curtiss Model 81A & 87 - entered RAF service as "Curtiss Tomahawk" (early aircraft) or "Curtiss Kittyhawk" (later aircraft).
Packard Merlin engined aircraft originally allocated RAF name "Warhawk" but on service entry 'Kittyhawk' name was applied as-per later Allison-engined variants
Curtiss P-46 - ordered by UK and allocated name "Curtiss Kittyhawk"[2] but aircraft and order later cancelled and name applied to later P-40/Tomahawks incorporating more powerful
Allison V-1710 engine intended for P-46.
Lockheed Ventura - designed for RAF - improved Hudson, used as medium bomber and patrol bomber
Lockheed Model 322A/Model 322B - Franco-British order - tested by RAF and given service name "Lockheed Lightning" but order later cancelled due to poor performance
Glenn Martin Model 167 - French order for bombers- Approximately 215 of order delivered to France, remainder to UK. Entered RAF service as "Martin Maryland"
Glenn Martin Model 187 - Franco-British order for improved Model 167. Entered RAF service as "Martin Baltimore"
North American NA-64-P2 - French order for 230 trainer aircraft, 111 delivered before
Fall of France. Remainder taken over by Britain and entered service with RCAF as "North American Yale"
North American NA-57/NA-66 - Franco-British order for improved NA-64/Harvard - RAF service name "North American Harvard"
North American NA-73 - designed for RAF - entered service as "North American Mustang"
Northrop A-17 - French order of 93, no recorded deliveries. Transferred to UK - declared obsolete, transferred to
South African Air Force (SAAF) for training - allocated RAF service name "Northrop Nomad"
Vought-Sikorsky 156 - French order. 40 delivered. Another French order for 50 was later taken over by UK and the type entered limited
Royal Navy (RN) service as "Vought-Sikorsky Chesapeake" [5]
Vultee P-66 - Swedish order, cancelled by US State Department after
Invasion of Norway - order taken over by Britain and given service name "Vultee Vanguard", but immediately after Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour all 144 aircraft built requisitioned by USAAC
Vultee Model 72 - designed for France - order taken over and entered RAF service as "Vultee Vengeance"
^Brooks, Peter W. (23 December 1960).
"The DC-3 is Twenty-five". Flight. Vol. 78, no. 2702. p. 984. Archived from
the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
^"American Production". Flight. Vol. XXXVIII, no. 1646. 11 July 1940. p. 24. Archived from
the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
^Engel, Leonard (11 April 1940).
"Allied Purchases in USA". Flight. Vol. XXXVII, no. 1633. p. 329. Archived from
the original on 2014-11-28. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
Bailey, Gavin J. (2013). The Arsenal of Democracy: Aircraft Supply and the Evolution of the Anglo-American Alliance, 1938-1942. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
ISBN9780748649730.
Duncan Hall, H.; Wrigley, C. C. (1956). Studies of Overseas Supply (History of the Second World War, Civil Series). London: HMSO.