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National biosphere reserves of India
There are 18
biosphere reserves in India.
[1] They protect larger areas of natural habitat than a typical
national park or
animal sanctuary , and often include one or more national parks or reserves, along with buffer zones that are open to some economic uses. Protection is granted not only to the
flora and
fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life. In total there are 18 biosphere reserves in India.
World network
Twelve of the eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the
World Network of Biosphere Reserves , based on the
UNESCO
Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list.
[1]
[2]
[3]
List of biosphere reserves in India
Biosphere reserves of India
[7]
Year
Name
Location
State
Type
Key fauna
Area (km2 )
1
1986
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
Part of
Waynad ,
Nagarhole ,
Bandipur and
Mudumalai ,
Nilambur ,
Silent Valley
Karnataka ,
Tamil Nadu and
Kerala
Western Ghats
Nilgiri tahr ,
tiger ,
lion-tailed macaque
5520
2
1988
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
Parts of
Chamoli District ,
Pithoragarh District &
Bageshwar District
Uttarakhand
Western
Himalayas
Snow leopard ,
Himalayan black bear
5860
3
1988
Nokrek
In
West Garo Hills
Meghalaya
Eastern hills
Red panda
820.00
4
1989
Gulf of Mannar
Indian part of
Gulf of Mannar extending from
Rameswaram island in the north to
Kanyakumari in the south of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka
Tamil Nadu
Coasts
Dugong
10500
5
1989
Sundarbans
Part of delta of
Ganges and
Brahmaputra river system
West Bengal
Gangetic Delta
Royal Bengal tiger
9630
6
1989
Manas
Part of
Kokrajhar ,
Bongaigaon ,
Barpeta ,
Nalbari ,
Kamrup and
Darrang Districts
Assam
Eastern Hills
Asiatic elephant , tiger,
Assam roofed turtle ,
hispid hare ,
golden langur ,
pygmy hog
2837
7
1989
Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve
Southernmost of the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Islands
Saltwater crocodile
885
8
1994
Simlipal
Part of
Mayurbhanj district
Odisha
Deccan Peninsula
Gaur ,
royal Bengal tiger ,
Asian elephant
4374
9
1998
Dihang-Dibang
Part of
Siang and
Dibang Valley
Arunachal Pradesh
Eastern Himalaya
Mishmi takin ,
musk deer
5112
10
1997
Dibru-Saikhowa
Part of
Dibrugarh and
Tinsukia districts
Assam
Eastern Hills
White-winged wood duck ,
water buffalo ,
black-breasted parrotbill , tiger,
capped langur
765
11
1999
Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
Parts of
Betul District ,
Hoshangabad District and
Chhindwara District
Madhya Pradesh
Semi-Arid
Giant squirrel ,
flying squirrel
4981.72
12
2000
Khangchendzonga National Park
Parts of
Kangchenjunga
Sikkim
East Himalayas
Snow leopard ,
red panda
2620
13
2001
Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve
Neyyar ,
Peppara and
Shenduruny Wildlife Sanctuary ,
Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve and their adjoining areas
Kerala ,
Tamil Nadu
Western Ghats
Nilgiri tahr ,
Asian elephant
3500.08
14
2005
Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve
Part of
Annupur ,
Dindori and
Bilaspur districts
Madhya Pradesh , Chhattisgarh
Maikal Hills
Four-horned antelope ,
Indian wild dog ,
sarus crane ,
white-rumped vulture ,
sacred grove bush frog
3835
15
2008
Great Rann of Kutch
Part of
Kutch ,
Morbi ,
Surendranagar and Patan districts; the largest biosphere reserve in India.
Gujarat
Desert
Indian wild ass
12454
16
2009
Cold Desert
Pin Valley National Park and surroundings; Chandratal and Sarchu & Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary
Himachal Pradesh
Western
Himalayas
Snow leopard
7770
17
2010
Seshachalam Hills biosphere
Seshachalam Hill Ranges covering parts of Chittoor and Kadapa districts
Andhra Pradesh
Eastern Hills
Slender loris
4755.997
[8]
18
2011
[9]
Panna
Part of Panna and Chhattarpur districts in Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Moist deciduous forest
Bengal tiger ,
Chinkara ,
Nilgai , Sambhar
sambar deer , and
Sloth bear
2998.98
[10]
Key fauna
Name
Key fauna
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
Lion Tailed Macaque (EN),
Nilgiri Tahr (EN),
Malabar Giant Squirrel (LC),
Nilgiri Langur (VU)
Nanda Devi
Snow Leopard (VU),
Musk Deer (EN),
Bharal Or
Blue Sheep (LC)
Nokrek
Red Panda (EN),
Hoolock Gibbons (EN),
Red Giant Flying Squirrel (LC)
Great Nicobar
Dugong (VU),
Saltwater Crocodile (LC)
Gulf of Mannar
Dugong (VU),
Olive Ridley turtles (VU)
Manas
Assam Roofed Turtle (EN),
Hispid Hare (EN),
Golden Langur (EN),
Pygmy Hog (EN),
Wild Water Buffalo (EN),
Bengal florican (CR)
Sunderbans
Royal Bengal Tiger (EN)
Simlipal
Royal Bengal Tigers ,
Wild Elephants (EN),
Gaurs (VU –
Indian Bison ),
Chausingha (VU)
Dibru-Saikhowa
Bengal Tiger ,
Clouded Leopard (VU),
Gangetic Dolphin (EN)
Dehang-Dibang
Takin (VU),
Red Panda (EN)
Pachmarhi
Tiger ,
Gaur ,
Indian Giant Flying Squirrels (LC)
Khangchendzonga
Red Panda (EN),
Snow Leopard (VU),
Musk Deer (EN),
Great Tibetan Sheep (Argali – NT)
Agasthyamalai
Nilgiri Tahr (EN)
Achanakamar - Amarkantak
Four Horned Antelope (
Chausingha (VU)),
Indian Wild Dog (VU)
Great Rann of Kutch (Kachchh)
Great Indian Bustard (CR),
Indian Wild Ass (NT)
Cold Desert
Snow Leopard (VU),
Himalayan Ibex (also referred to as Siberian Ibex – LC)
Seshachalam Hills
Red Sanders (NT),
Golden Gecko (LC – Endemic To Tirumala Hills)
Panna
Tiger (EN),
Chital (LC),
Chinkara (LC),
Sambar (VU)
Potential sites
The following is a list of potential sites for Biosphere Reserves as selected by Ministry of Forests and Environment:
[11]
Abujmarh , Chhattisgarh
Andaman and Nicobar , North Islands
Chintapalli ,
Visakhapatnam
Andhra Pradesh
Kanha , Madhya Pradesh
Kovalam , Kerala
Lakshadweep Islands , Lakshadweep
Little Rann of Kutch , Gujarat
Phawngpui (Blue Mountain),
Mizoram
Namdapha , Arunachal Pradesh
Singhbhum , Jharkhand
Tawang and
West Kameng , Arunachal Pradesh
Thar Desert , Rajasthan
Tadoba National Park and
Sanjay Gandhi National Park , Maharashtra
See also
References
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