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Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules are a set of rules for the romanization of Arabic that is highly phonetic, almost one-to-one, and uses only two special characters, namely the hyphen and the apostrophe as modifiers. This standard also includes rules for diacritization, including tanwiin.
This transliteration scheme can be thought of as a compromise between the Qalam transliteration and the Buckwalter Transliteration. It represents consonants with one letter and possibly the apostrophe (or single quotation mark) as a modifier, and uses one or several Latin vowels to represent short and long Arabic vowels. It strives for minimality as well as phonetic expressiveness. It does not distinguish between the different shapes of the hamza since it assumes that a software implementation can resolve the differences through the standard rules of spelling in Arabic ar:إملاء.
Note: The Arabic words in this article are written using the Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules.
The rules were designed with the following principles in mind [1]:
Arabic letters | ا | ب | ت | ث | ج | ح | خ | د | ذ | ر | ز | س | ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ك | ل | م | ن | ه | و | ي / ى [1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIN 31635 | ʾ / ā | b | t | ṯ | ǧ | ḥ | ḫ | d | ḏ | r | z | s | š | ṣ | ḍ | ṭ | ẓ | ʿ | ġ | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w / ū | y / ī |
Buckwalter | A | v | j | H | x | * | $ | S | D | T | Z | E | g | w | y | |||||||||||||
Qalam | ' / aa | th | kh | dh | sh | ` | gh | |||||||||||||||||||||
BATR | A / aa | c | K | z' | x | E | g | w / uu | y / ii | |||||||||||||||||||
IPA ( MSA) | ʔ, aː | b | t | θ |
dʒ ɡ ʒ |
ħ | x | d | ð | r | z | s | ʃ | sˤ | dˤ | tˤ |
ðˤ zˤ |
ʕ | ɣ | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w, uː | j, iː |