Species in the genus have a
cosmopolitan distribution,[2] they are also found in northern
temperate regions, especially in Europe.[3] but also in tropical Central America, Africa and Asia (such as India[4]).[2] As well as Australia.[5]
Systematics
The family is classified as
incertae sedis with respect to
ordinal placement in the Lecanoromycetidae, as there is no reliable
molecular data available to establish
phylogenetic relationships with similar
taxa.[6]
^Kraichak, Ekaphan; Huang, Jen-Pan; Nelsen, Matthew; Leavitt, Steven D.;
Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 188 (3): 233–249.
doi:
10.1093/botlinnean/boy060.
^De Notaris, G. (1846). "Frammenti lichenografici di un lavoro inedito". Giornale Botanico Italiano (in Italian). 2 (1): 192.
^Choisy, M. (1949). "Catalogue des lichens de la region Lyonnaise. Fasc. 2". Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon (in French). 18: 137–152.
doi:
10.3406/linly.1949.13145.
^Hafellner, J.; Casares-Porcel, M. (1992). "Untersuchungen an den Typusarten der lichenisierten Ascomycetengattungen Acarospora und Biatorella und die daraus entstehenden Konsequenzen". Nova Hedwigia (in German). 55: 316.
^Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert;
Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.). Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. p. 121.
ISBN978-3-443-01089-8.
OCLC429208213.
^Räsänen, V. (1949). "Lichenes Novi V". Archivum Societatis Botanicae Zoologicae Fennicae "Vanamo" (in Latin). 3: 178–188.
^Anzi, M. (1860). Catalogus lichenum quos in provincia sondriensi et circa Novum-Comum collegit et in ordinem systematicum digessit (in Latin). Ex officina C. Franchi. p. 78.
^Aptroot, A.; Sipman, H.J.M. (2001). "New Hong Kong lichens, ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 91: 321.