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The Besleney ( Circassian: Bеслъэней, Bestləney, IPA: [basɬənəj]; Russian: Бесленеевцы Besleneevcy) (also known as Beslenei or Baslaney) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. [1] By character, culture and language, the Besleney are closest to Kabardians. [2] The noble families of the Besleney were Kanoko and Shaloho, ancestors of Kabardian Prince Beslan, (the son of legendary Prince Inal), [ citation needed] who established his own tribe of the same name.
The majority of the Besleney live in the valley of Bolshaya and Malaya Laba Rivers and on the bank of Urup in the Russian Republics of Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Krai and Adygea. [3] They also extend to the valleys of Chetem, Fars, Psefir, Kuban (Western Circassia).
The Besleney people speak the Besleney sub-dialect ( Adyghe: Бэслъыныйбзэ) of the Kabardian Adyghe dialect (East Circassian). However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center of Circassia, the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects of the West Adyghe dialect. Like the Adyghe Shapsug sub-dialect, there exist a palatalized voiced velar plosive [ɡʲ], a palatalized voiceless velar plosive [kʲ] and a palatalized velar ejective [kʲʼ], which were merged to [d͡ʒ], [t͡ʃ] and [t͡ʃʼ] in other Circassian dialects. [4] The Besleney dialect also has an alveolar lateral ejective affricate [t͡ɬʼ], which corresponds to an alveolar lateral ejective fricative [ɬʼ] in most other varieties of Circassian. [5] The Besleney dialect has a voiceless glottal fricative [h] that corresponds to [ x] in other Circassian dialects. [6]
Meaning | Besleney sub-dialect | Standard Kabardian | Standard Adyghe | Shapsug sub-dialect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | |
horse | чъы | t͡ʂə | шы | ʃə | шы | ʃə | шы | ʃə |
sister | чъыпхъу | t͡ʂəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ |
wedding | нысачъэ | nəsaːt͡ʂa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa |
day | махуэ | maːxʷa | махуэ | maːxʷa | мафэ | maːfa | мафэ | maːfa |
black | фӏыцӏэ | fʼət͡sʼa | фӏыцӏэ | fʼət͡sʼa | шӏуцӏэ | ʃʷʼət͡sʼa | шӏусӏэ | ʃʷʼəsʼa |
shirt / dress | гьанэ | ɡʲaːna | джанэ | d͡ʒaːna | джанэ | d͡ʒaːna | гьанэ | ɡʲaːna |
tree | джыг | d͡ʒəɣ | жыг | ʒəɣ | чъыгы | t͡ʂəɡə | чъыгы | t͡ʃəɣə |
four | птлӏы | pt͡ɬʼəː | плӏы | pɬʼəː | плӏы | pɬʼəː | плӏы | pɬʼəː |
man | тлӏы | t͡ɬʼəː | лӏы | ɬʼəː | лӏы | ɬʼəː | лӏы | ɬʼəː |
chicken | гьэд | gad | джэд | d͡ʒad | чэты | t͡ʃatə | кьэт | kʲat |
tail / seed | кӏьэ | kʲʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | кӏьэ | kʲʼa |
young man, boy | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːla | щӏалэ | ɕʼaːɮa | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːɮa | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːla |
new | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | щӏэ | ɕʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa |
The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.
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