He is known for his analysis of international relations[vague] and the introduction of Islam to the study of international conflict and of civilization. Tibi is known for introducing the controversial concept of European Leitkultur, as well as the concept of Euroislam to discussions about integration of
Muslim immigrants in European countries.[2] Tibi has done research in Asian and African countries. He publishes in English, German, and Arabic.
Academic career
He studied in
Frankfurt am Main under
Max Horkheimer, obtaining his Ph.D. there in 1971, and later habilitated in
Hamburg, Germany. From 1973 until his retirement in 2009, he was Professor for International Relations at
Göttingen University. Parallel to this appointment he was, from 1982 to 2000, at
Harvard University in a variety of affiliations, the latest being a 1998 to 2000 stint as The Bosch Fellow. Currently, he is an A.D. White Professor-at-Large at
Cornell University. Tibi had eighteen visiting professorships in all continents including fellowships in
Princeton University,
UC Berkeley,
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, and most recently (2010) at the
Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, Washington D.C. Tibi was also a visiting senior fellow at Yale University. After his retirement in 2009, he published Islam's Predicament with Modernity, a book embodying his life's work.
Views
Bassam Tibi's views can be accurately stated by a quote from the German distinguished Professor Walter Reese-Schäfer. This scholar writes on Tibi "Unlike other authors Bassam Tibi bases his views as a scholarly observer on his participation in the matter he deals with", that is he writes as an insider. The views of Bassam Tibi can be best referred to by quoting from his twelve books written and published in English. In his book on
Arab Spring "The Shari'a State" (2013) he enlists himself among the other Muslims identified as "enlightened Arab thinkers who are clear about the need for the introduction of democracy into the Arab world". Thus, Bassam Tibi subscribes to the "enlightened Muslim thought". This is a contemporary school of thought in Islamic civilization. In another book on "Islamism and Islam" published by Yale University Press (2010) Bassam Tibi discards the Islamist rejection of democracy (chapter 4) and concludes in the final chapter 9 with a commitment to "civil Islam as an alternative to Islamism".
On Islam
Tibi is a
Muslim,[3] but criticizes Islamism and advocates
"reforming" Islam.[4] Tibi also suggests that Muslim immigrants should refrain from engaging in religious missionary activities, Dawa.[5]
On Europe
When it comes to Europe, Tibi distinguishes positive and negative elements of European culture. The positive ones are, according to Tibi,
enlightenment,
pluralism,
civil rights and
secularization. Tibi argues that there is a need for Europe to defend these values, especially in times of
globalization and
migration from Muslim countries.[6] On the other hand, Tibi argues that
racism is a European invention, and that Europeans must overcome what he calls "Euro-arrogance" and
xenophobia to integrate immigrants.[5]
He criticizes
European imperialism, arguing that it disrupted and deformed other cultures. Acknowledging that Muslim conquerors also did wrongs, Tibi argues that, unlike the European conquests, Muslim conquests were not driven by any kind of racism.[7]
On Germany
He has criticised the left-green dominated German media for stifling debate about Islam in Germany, leading to ordinary people being afraid to state their opinions. As an example he gives
Uwe Tellkamp, who expressed criticism against the German policy of migration and was attacked in
mainstream media and painted as a right-extremist.[8] He has also criticised authorities in Germany for not standing up to the large organised Islamic community organisations like the
Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs and for not supporting liberal Muslims like
Seyran Ateş and
Necla Kelek.[8]
On Israel
Bassam Tibi has criticized the
Likud party of Israel as blocking the peace process. He states that in the 1990s, the Likud adopted the "Three Nos" policy:[9]
"No to the Palestinian State, no to dividing
Jerusalem, no to returning
Golan Heights to Syria.
According to Tibi, the Likud government of 1996 engaged in provoking Arabs by constructing
Har Homa in
Arab Jerusalem, and digging a tunnel under the
Temple Mount, and thereby exposing Israel to terrorism.[9]
In 1995 he was decorated by the President of Germany,
Roman Herzog, with the
Bundesverdienstkreuz, cross of merits first class.[citation needed] In 2003, the Swiss Foundation for European Awareness granted him in Zurich with the annual prize.[10]
Published works
Books in English
The Crisis of Modern Islam: A Preindustrial Culture in the Scientific-Technological Age. Translated by Judith von Sivers. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1988.
Islam and the Cultural Accommodation of Social Change. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990.
Conflict and War in the Middle East: From Interstate War to New Security, new expanded ed. 1998, published in association with WCFIA/Harvard University.
Arab Nationalism. Between Islam and the Nation-State, first ed. 1980, second ed. 1990, third expanded and revised ed. 1997, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
The Challenge of Fundamentalism: Political Islam and the New World Disorder. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998; updated edition 2002.
ISBN0-520-23690-4Publisher's abstract at the
Wayback Machine (archived June 25, 2008)
"The European Tradition of Human Rights and Culture of Islam." In Human Rights in Africa Cross Cultural Perspectives, ed.
Abdullahi Ahmed An Na`im and Francis M. Deng, 104. Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 1990.
"The Simultaneity of the Unsimultaneous - Old Tribes and Imposed Nation-States in the Modern Middle East." In Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, ed.
Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner, 127–152. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
"Islamic Law/Shari'a, Human Rights, Universal Morality and International Relations." Human Rights Quarterly 16, no. 2 (1994): 277.
"The Worldview of Sunni Arab Fundamentalists: Attitudes toward Modern Science and Technology." In Fundamentalisms and Society, ed. Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appelby, 73–102. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
"War and Peace in Islam." In Ethics of War and Peace, ed.
Terry Nardin, 128–145. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
"Post-Bipolar Order in Crisis: The Challenge of Politicised Islam." Millennium 29, no. 3 (2000): 843–860.
"Europeanizing Islam or the Islamization of Europe," in: Peter Katzenstein, ed., Religion in an Expanding Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006)
"The Totalitarianism of Jihadist Islamism and its Challenge to Europe and to Islam." in: Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2007, 35–54.
"A Migration Story: From Muslim Immigrants to European “Citizens of the Heart?“" in: The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs Vol.31 (Winter 2007) 1: 191-210.
"Euro-Islamic Religious Pluralism for Europe. An Alternative to Ethnicity and to "Multiculturalism of Fear"," in: The Current, Vol. 11 (Fall 2007) 1: 89-103.
"Islamism and Democracy: The Case of the Arab World," in: Leonard Weinberg, ed., Democratic Responses to Terrorism (New York: Routledge, 2008), 41–61.
"Religious Extremism or Religionization of Politics? The Ideological Foundations of Political Islam", in: Hillel Frisch and Efraim Inbar, eds, Radical Islam and International Security (New York: Routledge, 2008), Chapter One, pp. 11–37,
ISBN978-0-415-44460-6.
"The Return of the Sacred to Politics as a Constitutional Law. The Case of the Shari’atization of Politics in Islamic Civilization", in: Theoria. A Journal of Social and Political Theory, vol. 55 (April 2008), issue 115, pp. 91–119,
ISSN0040-5817.
"Turkey’s Islamist Danger. Islamists Approach Europe", in: Middle East Quarterly, vol. 16,1 (Winter 2009), pp. 47–54.
"Euro-Islam: An Alternative to Islamization and Ethnicity of Fear", in: Zeyno Baran (Ed.), The Other Muslims: Moderate and Secular, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010
^As Paul Berman in his book "The Flight of the Intellectuals" (Melville House 2010, p. 150) notes, "Bassam Tibi, the liberal, means by Euro-Islam a Westernized Islam. In contrast, Tariq Ramadan means a Salafi reformism, and not a Westernized Islam".