| Austrosimulium | |
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| Austrosimulium australense | |
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| Genus: | Austrosimulium Tonnoir, 1925
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A. australense (Schiner, 1868)
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Austrosimulium is a genus of 31 species of black flies that are distributed in Australia and New Zealand. There are 2 subgenera: Austrosimulium whose species are principally from New Zealand, and Novaustrosimulium which are exclusively Australian. [2] Austrosimulium is a sister genus to the monospecific Paraustrosimulium of South America. [3]
Some species are known to spread the protozoan blood parasite Leucocytozoon tawaki in penguins. [4] [5] [6]
In New Zealand, where they are known as sandflies or namu (in Māori from Proto-Austronesian *ñamuk " mosquito", compare with Malay: nyamuk), [7] [8] three species – A. australense, A. tillyardianum and A. ungulatum – bite humans. [9] [7]
Species
- Subgenus
Austrosimulium Tonnoir, 1925
- A. albovelatum Dumbleton, 1973
- A. alveolatum Dumbleton, 1973
- A. australense ( Schiner, 1868) [1]
- A. bicorne Dumbleton, 1973
- A. campbellense Dumbleton, 1973
- A. cornutum Tonnoir, 1925
- A. crassipes Tonnoir, 1925
- A. dugdalei Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012 [3]
- A. dumbletoni Crosby, 1976 [6]
- A. extendorum Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012 [3]
- A. fiordense Dumbleton, 1973 [3]
- A. fulvicorne Mackerras & Mackerras, 1950
- A. laticorne Tonnoir, 1925
- A. longicorne Tonnoir, 1925
- A. mirabile Mackerras & Mackerras, 1948
- A. montanum Mackerras & Mackerras, 1952
- A. multicorne Tonnoir, 1925
- A. stewartense Dumbleton, 1973
- A. tillyardianum Dumbleton, 1973
- A. tonnoiri Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012 [3]
- A. ungulatum Tonnoir, 1925
- A. unicorne Dumbleton, 1973
- A. vailavoense Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012 [3]
- A. vexans ( Mik, 1881)
- Subgenus
Novaustrosimulium Dumbleton, 1973
- A. bancrofti (Taylor, 1918)
- A. furiosum ( Skuse, 1889)
- A. magnum Mackerras & Mackerras, 1955
- A. pestilens Mackerras & Mackerras, 1948
- A. torrentium Tonnoir, 1925
- A. victoriae (Roubaud, 1906)
- Austrosimulium species as yet unplaced
- A. colboi Davies & Györkös, 1988
Literature cited
- ^ a b Schiner, I.R. (1868). Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. pp. 388pp., 4 pls.
-
^
Peter H. Adler & Roger W. Crosskey (2009).
"World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory": 109.
{{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=( help) - ^ a b c d e f Craig, Douglas Abercrombie McBeath; Craig, Ruth E. G.; Crosby, Trevor K. (2012-06-29). "Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera)". Fauna of New Zealand. 68. doi: 10.7931/J2/FNZ.68.
- ^ Douglas A. Craig & Trevor K. Crosby (2008). "Gynandromorphs of New Zealand Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1811. New Zealand: Magnolia Press: 57–68. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 2009-03-25.
- ^ A. M. Fallis; S. A. Bisset; F. R. Allison (1976). "Leucocytozoon tawaki n.sp. (Eucoccida: Leucocytozoidae) from the penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus, and preliminary observations on its development in Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 3 (1). Wellington, New Zealand: The Royal Society of New Zealand: 11–16. doi: 10.1080/03014223.1976.9517893.
- ^ a b T. K. Crosby (1976). "Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) dumbletoni n.sp. from New Zealand (Diptera: Simuliidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 3 (1). Wellington, New Zealand: The Royal Society of New Zealand: 17–19. doi: 10.1080/03014223.1976.9517894.
- ^ a b Walrond, Carl (24 September 2007). "Sandflies and mosquitoes - Sandflies: New Zealand's blackflies". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ^ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010). "*ñamuk: mosquito". Austronesian Comparative Dictionary. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ Early, John (2009). Know your New Zealand ... native insects & spiders. New Holland. p. 120. ISBN 9781869662530.
External links
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Data related to
Austrosimulium at Wikispecies - https://web.archive.org/web/20130208160901/http://www.waitakere.govt.nz/AbtCit/ei/EcoWtr/macroinv/macroinvertebrates.asp | page with many Macroinvertebrates listed, described and illustrated
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