Arvid Adolf Etholén, or Adolf Karlovich Etolin ( Russian: Адольф Карлович Этолин; 9 January 1799, Helsinki – 29 March 1876, Elimäki) was a naval officer, explorer and administrator in the Russian Empire who was employed by the Russian-American Company from July 1818. He was a Swedish-speaking Finn, born in Helsinki in Swedish Finland. Etholén first reached Novoarkhangelsk (present-day Sitka, Alaska) in Russian America in the service of the Russian-American Company in 1818, rising to become Chief Manager of the Company between 1840 and 1845. ("Chief Manager" was a position sometimes referred to, though incorrectly, as " Governor").
Career
Etholén traveled from Russia to Russian America with Vasily Golovnin in the course of Golovnin's round-the-world voyage (1817-1819) on the Kamchatka. Kiril Timofeevich Khlĕbnikov's Baranov, Chief Manager of the Russian Colonies in America (1835), quotes Baranov: "If only the Main Office could have sent me men like yourselves earlier, then I would very likely have had more success, and I would have found it pleasant to pass the time in their company!". [1]
Etholén transferred from the Imperial Russian Navy to the service of the Russian-American Company in July 1818. He served in the Pacific from 1818 to 1825 as ship's master, and was part of a group that surveyed the Bering Sea from 1822 to 1824. Having returned to European Russia in 1825, he re-joined the Russian-American Company in 1826, was appointed adjutant to the Chief Manager ("Governor") of Russian America in 1834, and became Chief Manager himself from 1840 to 1845. Etholén resigned from the Russian American Company in 1847 with the rank of Rear Admiral. He served as a member of the board of the Russian-American Company in Saint Petersburg, Russia from 1847 to 1859. Etholén was ennobled in 1856 and formally enrolled in the Finnish House of Nobility two years later, attending the Diet as a representative of the Nobility in 1863–76.
Adolf Etholén died at his estate in Elimäki, Finland, in 1876.
Legacy
The name Etolin, based on the Russian version of Etholén's name, can be found in several places on the map of Alaska.
Etolin Island was named after Etolin by the United States in the wake of the Alaska Purchase of 1867 (it was formerly the Duke of York's Island). There is also Etolin Strait, as well as a cape, a point and a mountain. [2]
The Etholén collection (Etholén Alaskassa) in the National Museum of Finland contains a number of Alaskan ethnographic items. [3]
References
- ^ Zhizneopisanie Aleksandra Andreevicha Baranova, Glavnago Pravitelia Rossiĭskih Koloniĭ v Amerikĕ, Kiril Timofeevich Khlĕbnikov: v Morskoĭ Tipografii, Sanktpeterburg, 1835. (English: Baranov, Chief Manager of the Russian Colonies in America, translated by Colin Bearne, edited by Richard Pierce, the Limestone Press, Kingston, Ontario, 1973).
- ^ The Finns in America (by Taru Spiegel, Reference Librarian. The Library of Congress [1]
- ^ The Etholén collection : the ethnographic Alaskan collection of Adolf Etholén and his contemporaries in the National Museum of Finland (by Pirjo Varjola Helsinki: National Board of Antiquities, 1990)
External links
- 100 Faces from Finland – a Biographical Kaleidoscope: Etholén, Arvid Adolf (in Finnish)
- Etholén Alaska at Museovirasto (in Finnish)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1799 births
- 1876 deaths
- Scandinavian explorers of North America
- Explorers of Alaska
- Finnish explorers
- Finnish explorers of the Pacific
- Governors of the Russian-American Company
- Explorers from the Russian Empire
- Russian people of Swedish descent
- Swedish-speaking Finns
- 19th-century Finnish nobility
- Finnish people from the Russian Empire
- Finnish-American history