| Greenleaf manzanita | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | Arctostaphylos |
| Species: | A. patula
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| Binomial name | |
| Arctostaphylos patula | |
| Subspecies [2] | |
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| Synonyms [2] | |
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List
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Arctostaphylos patula is a species of manzanita known by the common name greenleaf manzanita. This manzanita is native to western North America where it grows at moderate to high elevations.
Description
This shrub reaches between 1 and 2 metres (3+1⁄2 and 6+1⁄2 feet) in height. It is low to the ground with some of the lower branches rooting in the soil and others extending more outward than upward. The stems are twisting and reddish-brown in color, and shiny due to glandular secretion. The petioles may sometimes have clear-to-glandular hairs. The leaves are oval-shaped to nearly round, and flat, shiny, and smooth. They are 6 centimetres (2+1⁄2 inches) long and up to 4 cm wide.
The plentiful flowers are white to pink and urn-shaped, each with five small lobes at the mouth of the corolla, hanging in bunches. The fruits are dark brown drupes nearly a centimeter wide, each containing about five hard-coated seeds that can be fused. Seeds are primarily dispersed by seed-caching mammals, [3] and sometimes the fruits are consumed and dispersed by birds and medium-to-large mammals such as bears, coyotes, coatis, and foxes. [4] Seeds require fire [4] followed by cold conditions to germinate; seeds can remain dormant in soil for hundreds of years.
Greenleaf manzanitas in some areas, but not all, produce lignotubers, from which they can reproduce vegetatively.
Distribution and habitat
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The distribution of A. patula is one of the most widespread of the manzanitas, spanning most of western North America. Its northern edge is in Washington state, eastern edge in Colorado, western edge the North American west coast, and southernmost edge in Baja California, Mexico. It grows in coniferous forests from from elevations of about 460 to 3,660 m (1,500 to 12,000 ft).
Ecology
In addition to providing fruit for certain mammals, [3] [4] the species is an important browse plant for deer. [4]
Uses
Some Plateau Indian tribes drank a tea of greenleaf manzanita as a cathartic. [5]
References
- ^ NatureServe (2024). "Arctostaphylos patula". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Arctostaphylos patula Greene". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ a b Moore, Christopher M.; Vander Wall, Stephen B. (2015). "Scatter-hoarding rodents disperse seeds to safe sites in a fire-prone ecosystem". Plant Ecology. 216 (8): 1137–1153. doi: 10.1007/s11258-015-0497-1. S2CID 18441745.
- ^ a b c d Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 425. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.
- ^ Hunn, Eugene S. (1990). Nch'i-Wana, "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land. University of Washington Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-295-97119-3.
External links
- NatureServe apparently secure species
- Arctostaphylos
- Flora of the Southwestern United States
- Flora of Baja California
- Flora of California
- Flora of Idaho
- Flora of Montana
- Flora of Nevada
- Flora of New Mexico
- Flora of Oregon
- Flora of the Cascade Range
- Flora of the Rocky Mountains
- Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
- Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
- Natural history of the Transverse Ranges