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Grand Duchess of Tuscany from 1609 to 1621
Maria Maddalena of Austria
Tenure 17 February 1609 – 28 February 1621 Born (1589-10-07 ) 7 October 1589
Graz ,
Duchy of Styria ,
Holy Roman Empire Died 1 November 1631(1631-11-01) (aged 42)
Passau ,
Prince-Bishopric of Passau , Holy Roman Empire Spouse
Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Issue
Maria Cristina
Ferdinando II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Cardinal Gian Carlo
Margherita, Duchess of Parma
Mattias, Governor of Siena
Prince Francesco
Anna, Archduchess of Austria
Leopold, Governor of Siena
House
Habsburg Father
Charles II, Archduke of Austria Mother
Maria Anna of Bavaria
Maria Maddalena of Austria (
German : Maria Magdalena von Österreich ,
Italian : Maria Maddalena d'Austria ) (7 October 1589 – 1 November 1631) was
Grand Duchess of Tuscany by her marriage to
Cosimo II in 1609 until his death in 1621. With him, she had eight children, including a
duchess of Parma ,
a grand duke of Tuscany , and an
archduchess of Further Austria . Born in
Graz , Maria Magdalena was the youngest daughter of
Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria , and his wife
Maria Anna of Bavaria . During the minority of her son, Grand Duke Ferdinando, she and her
mother-in-law acted as regents from 1621 to 1628. She died on 1 November 1631 in
Passau .
Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany
In 1608, the 19-year-old Maria Magdalena was married to
Cosimo de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany . Cosimo's father,
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany , arranged the marriage in order to assuage
Spain 's (where Maria Magdalena's sister was
the incumbent queen ) animosity towards
Tuscany , which had been inflamed due to a string of Franco-Tuscan marriages.
[1] From then on, she was known as Maria Maddalena, the Italian form of her name.
Regency
She and Cosimo enjoyed a contented marriage. Together they had eight children in just eight years. Cosimo II died in 1621, leaving their ten-year-old son Ferdinando as grand duke. Maria Maddalena and her mother-in-law,
Christina of Lorraine , acted as regents until the boy came of age. Their collective regency is known as the Turtici . Maria Maddalena's temperament was analogous to Christina's. Together, they aligned Tuscany with the
Papacy ; re-doubled the Tuscan clergy; and allowed the trial of
Galileo Galilei to occur.
[2] Upon the death of the last
Duke of Urbino , instead of claiming the duchy for Ferdinando, who was married to the Duke's granddaughter, and heiress,
Vittoria della Rovere , they permitted it to be annexed by
Pope Urban VIII . In 1626, they banned any Tuscan subject from being educated outside the grand duchy, a law later resurrected by Maria Maddalena's grandson,
Cosimo III .
[3]
Harold Acton ascribes the decline of Tuscany to their regency.
[3] The Dowager grand duchesses sent Ferdinando on a tour of Europe in 1627.
[4]
The Grand Duchess died aged 42 after a visit to her brother
Leopold in
Innsbruck on the way back to
Passau . Her son had been in power for a year.
Issue
Maria Cristina de' Medici (August 24, 1609 – August 9, 1632), she was deformed or mentally disabled
[5]
Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (July 14, 1610 – May 23, 1670) married
Vittoria della Rovere .
Gian Carlo de' Medici (July 24, 1611 – January 23, 1663) made Cardinal in 1644.
Margherita de' Medici (May 31, 1612 – February 6, 1679) married
Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma .
Mattias de' Medici (May 9, 1613 – October 14, 1667) appointed
Governor of Siena .
Francesco de' Medici (October 16, 1614 – July 25, 1634).
Anna de' Medici (July 21, 1616 – September 11, 1676) married
Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria (1628–1662)
Leopoldo de' Medici (November 6, 1617 – November 10, 1675), made Cardinal in 1667.
Ancestors
Ancestors of Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria
Citations
^ Hale, p 151
^ Acton, p 111
^
a
b Acton, p 192
^ Strathern, p 375
^
"Medici Archive" . Archived from
the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-06-13 .
^
a
b
Wurzbach, Constantin von , ed. (1860).
"Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark" .
Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire ] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 352 – via
Wikisource .
^
a
b
Wurzbach, Constantin von , ed. (1861).
"Habsburg, Maria von Bayern" .
Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire ] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via
Wikisource .
^
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor at the
Encyclopædia Britannica
^
a
b
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor at the
Encyclopædia Britannica
^
a
b Obermayer-Marnach, Eva (1953),
"Anna Jagjello" ,
Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 299 ; (
full text online )
^
a
b Goetz, Walter (1953),
"Albrecht V." ,
Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 158–160 ; (
full text online )
^
a
b
Wurzbach, Constantin von , ed. (1860).
"Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587)" .
Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire ] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 151 – via
Wikisource .
^
a
b
Philip I, King of Castile at the
Encyclopædia Britannica
^
a
b
Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911).
"Joanna" .
Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
^
a
b
Casimir IV, King of Poland at the
Encyclopædia Britannica
^
a
b
Revue de l'Agenais (in French). Vol. 4. Société des sciences, lettres et arts d'Agen. 1877. p. 497.
^
a
b Riezler, Sigmund Ritter von (1897), "
Wilhelm IV. ",
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 42, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 705–717
^
a
b Brüning, Rainer (2001),
"Philipp I." ,
Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 20, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 372 ; (
full text online )
Bibliography
Acton, Harold: The Last Medici , Macmillan, London, 1980,
ISBN
0-333-29315-0
Strathern, Paul: The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance , Vintage books, London, 2003,
ISBN
978-0-09-952297-3
Hale, J.R.: Florence and the Medici , Orion books, London, 1977,
ISBN
1-84212-456-0
Generations are numbered by male-line descent from
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor . Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation 4th generation 5th generation
Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands **
Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy **
Anna, Queen of Spain
Elisabeth, Queen of France
Margaret (1567–1633)
Maria (1584–1649)
Anna, Holy Roman Empress
Anna, Queen of Poland
Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania
Catherine Renata
Gregoria Maximiliana
Eleanor (1582–1620)
Margaret, Queen of Spain
Constance, Queen of Poland
Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
6th generation 7th generation 8th generation 9th generation 10th generation 11th generation 12th generation
Marie Louise, Empress of the French
Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil
Clementina, Princess of Salerno
Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony
Maria Anna
Maria Luisa ^
Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia ^
Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies
Maria Caroline
Hermine
Elisabeth Franziska
Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia
Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord #
Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón #
13th generation 14th generation 15th generation 16th generation 17th generation 18th generation
* also an infanta of Spain
** also an infanta of Spain and Portugal
^ also a princess of Tuscany
# also a princess of Modena
Tuscan princesses by marriage
1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation 4th generation 5th generation 6th generation 7th generation 8th generation 9th generation 10th generation 11th generation 12th generation 13th generation ^did not have a royal or noble title by birth * also an archduchess of Austria by marriage
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