Market town in Cumbria, England
Human settlement in England
Appleby-in-Westmorland is a
market town and
civil parish in
Westmorland and Furness ,
Cumbria , England, with a population of 3,048 at the
2011 Census .
[1] Crossed by the
River Eden , Appleby is the
county town of the
historic county of
Westmorland . It was known just as Appleby until 1974–1976, when the council of the
successor parish to the borough changed it to retain the name Westmorland, which was abolished as an administrative area under the
Local Government Act 1972 , before being revived as
Westmorland and Furness in 2023.
[2] It lies 14 miles (23 km) south-east of
Penrith , 32 miles (51 km) south-east of
Carlisle , 27 miles (43 km) north-east of
Kendal and 45 miles (72 km) west of
Darlington .
History
The town's name derives from the
Old English æppel-by , meaning "farm or settlement with apple trees".
[3]
St Lawrence's Parish Church is recorded in the
National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I
listed building .
[4]
Appleby Castle was founded by
Ranulf le Meschin in the early 12th century. The Borough followed by royal charter in 1179 and the
Moot Hall was built about 1596.
[5] Surviving timbers in the roof had been felled between 1571 and 1596.
[6] In the
Second English Civil War Appleby was placed under a siege, in which the
Regicide Major General
Thomas Harrison was wounded.
[7]
Appleby Grammar School dates from two
chantry bequests in 1286.
[8] It was incorporated by
Letters Patent of
Queen Elizabeth in 1574.
[8]
George Washington's father and two half-brothers, born in Virginia, were educated at Appleby Grammar School. He would have followed, but his father died suddenly in 1743, just as he reached the age when the two older boys had made the voyage.
[9]
Economy
Appleby is overlooked by the privately owned
Appleby Castle , a largely
Norman structure that served as home to
Lady Anne Clifford in the 17th century. Appleby's main industry is tourism, through its history, remoteness and scenery, and its proximity to the
Lake District ,
North Pennines ,
Swaledale and
Howgill Fells .
[10]
From 1973 Ferguson Industrial Holdings Plc was based at Appleby Castle.
[11]
[12]
[13]
WA Developments Limited , now Stobart Rail Limited, was long based in Appleby as a civil engineering firm founded by Andrew Tinkler and William Stobart, specialising in railway maintenance.
[14]
Appleby's economy is based mainly on the service sector, in small firms, eating houses and pubs. The private shops include butchers, grocers, bakers and newsagents.
[15] Appleby Creamery makes premium, hand-made cheeses, including Eden Valley
Brie .
[16]
Events
Gypsy horses in the River Eden
Appleby and nearby villages host old-established events such as Warcop
rushbearing , dating back at least to 1716.
[17]
The four-day
Appleby Horse Fair is held on the first weekend of June.
[18]
Appleby Agricultural Society, founded in 1841, puts on an annual show.
[19] From 1989 to 2007 it hosted the
Appleby Jazz Festival .
[20]
Other local events are listed on the community website.
[21]
Governance
The Moot Hall
Appleby was a parliamentary borough from medieval times, electing two
Members of Parliament (MPs). By the 18th century it was a
pocket borough , whose members were effectively in the gift of the
Lowther family . They included
William Pitt the Younger , who was MP for Appleby when he became
Prime Minister in 1783, although he stood down in the next general election, preferring to take a
Cambridge University seat.
[22]
A later Appleby member was Viscount Howick, later as
Earl Grey the Prime Minister under whom the
Great Reform Act of 1832 was passed. However, that did not save it from losing both members under the Act. As the only county town disenfranchised, Appleby was a controversial case in the debates on the Reform Bill, where the opposition attempted vainly to save it at least one MP. It gained a new charter in 1885.
[23]
The town remained a
municipal borough until such status was abolished under the
Local Government Act 1972 .
[24] It was superseded by
Eden district, based in
Penrith .
[25]
Appleby was the county town of
Westmorland . The
Courts of Assise met at the
Shire Hall there,
[26]
[27] although the former
county council sat at the
County Hall in
Kendal .
[28]
Present
Appleby today is in the
parliamentary constituency of
Penrith and the Border . At the
2019 general election , the
Conservative
Neil Hudson was elected as the
Member of Parliament (MP), replacing
Rory Stewart . While the UK remained in the
European Union , Appleby was in the
North West England European Parliament constituency.
[29]
For
local government purposes it now forms part of
Westmorland and Furness unitary authority. It formerly bridged the Appleby and Bongate wards of
Eden District Council and the Appleby Ward of
Cumbria County Council . Its own
parish council is named Appleby-in-Westmorland Town Council.
[30]
Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by
BBC North East and Cumbria and
ITV Border . Television signals are received from the
Caldbeck TV transmitter.
[31] Appleby's local radio stations are
BBC Radio Cumbria on 95.6 FM,
Greatest Hits Radio Cumbria & South West Scotland on 102.5 FM, and community based station
Eden FM Radio which broadcast from its studios in
Penrith on 107.5 FM.
[32] The town's local newspapers are
Cumberland and Westmorland Herald and
The Westmorland Gazette .
[33]
[34]
Transport
Appleby railway station is on the
Settle-Carlisle Line . It was opened by the
Midland Railway in 1876.
Appleby East station was built nearby by the
North Eastern Railway .
[35] Appleby East closed in 1962.
[36]
Notable people
A chronological list of notables from Appleby with a Wikipedia page:
Lady Anne Clifford (1590–1676), helped to shape Appleby by restoring the castle and refurbishing the churches. Her memorial stands beside her mother's in
St Lawrence's Church , Boroughgate, where both are buried.
[37]
Thomas Barlow (1607/1608–1691), an English academic and clergyman who became Provost of
Queen's College, Oxford and
Bishop of Lincoln , was born at nearby
Orton and attended
Appleby Grammar School .
[38]
Saint
John Boste (1544–1594), at nearby Dufton, attended Appleby Grammar school & Queens College Oxford. He is a saint in the Catholic Church and one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
[39]
William Stobart (born 1961), director and shareholder of Appleby-based WA Developments Ltd
[40]
Gavin Skelton (born 1981), football coach
[41]
Helen Skelton (born 1983), television presenter, attended Appleby Grammar School.
[42]
See also
References
^
"Parish population 2011" (PDF) .
Eden District Council .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019 .
^ Kelner, Simon (23 April 2013).
"Eric Pickles's championing of traditional English counties is something we can all get behind" .
The Independent .
Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017 .
^
"Key to English Place-names" . kepn.nottingham.ac.uk .
^
Historic England .
"Parish Church of St Lawrence, Appleby-in-Westmorland (1312067)" .
National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 24 June 2012 .
^ Barter, Marion; Elsworth, Dan (2018).
"The Moot Hall, Appleby-in-Westmorland: An Architectural Investigation and Assessment of Significance. Historic England Research Report 25/2018" . research.historicengland.org.uk .
Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020 .
^ Arnold, Alison; Howard, Robert; Tyers, Cathy (2018).
"Moot Hall, Boroughgate, Appleby-in-Westmorland, Cumbria: Tree-ring analysis and radiocarbon dating of oak timbers. Historic England Research Report 14/2018" . research.historicengland.org.uk .
Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020 .
^ Maurice Ashley (1954), Cromwell's Generals , London: Cape,
OCLC
798976 ,
OL
6150316M
^
a
b Higginson, J. H. (1976). "Reviewed Work: Appleby Grammar School by Edgar Hinchcliffe". British Journal of Educational Studies . 24 (1): 98–99.
doi :
10.2307/3120766 .
JSTOR
3120766 .
^
"George Washington and Appleby Grammar School" .
Cumberland and Westmorland Herald . 25 September 2009.
Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019 .
^ Archer, Brian H.; Jones, D. R. (1977).
Tourism in Appleby, Keswick and Sedbergh . Institute of Economic Research, University College of North Wales.
^
"Industrialist who first opened Appleby Castle" .
Cumberland and Westmorland Herald . 26 October 2002.
Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2019 .
^ Hurst, John (2000).
Come Back to Eden: Lakeland's Northern Neighbour . Sigma Leisure.
ISBN
9781850587057 .
^ Holmes, Martin (1974). Appleby Castle . Ferguson Industrial Holdings Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne.
^
"2,000 job companies prepare to quit Eden" .
Cumberland and Westmorland Herald . 21 January 2006.
Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2019 .
^
"Visit Appleby - Shopping" .
Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021 .
^
"Appleby Creamery" .
Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2021 .
^ Willcock, Richard (14 November 2015).
"Episodes from Rushbearing at Musgrave and Warcop" .
Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019 .
^
"Appleby Horse Fair" .
Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 13 September 2019 .
^ de Silva, Carrie (2013).
A Short History of Agricultural Education and Research . Newport, Shropshire, UK: Harper Adams University.
Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018 .
^
"Appleby Jazz Festival" . Retrieved 31 March 2022 .
^
"Appleby and Eden Valley Events: What's on in Appleby-in-Westmorland" .
Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2019 .
^
"10 Downing Street – PMs in history – William Pitt 'The Younger' 1783–1801 and 1804-6" . Number10.gov.uk. Archived from
the original on 7 August 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2010 .
^ "Appleby" in
Chambers's Encyclopædia . London:
George Newnes , 1961, Vol. 1, p. 491.
^
"Appleby MB" . Vision of Britain. Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
^
"Planning application full details: Appleby Ward" . Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
^
"Appleby Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan" (PDF) . Eden District Council. 1 February 2022. p. 59. Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
^ Jones, Sir Clement (1948).
"A Tour In Westmorland" . Kendal: Titus, Wilson & Son.
^ Holloway, Norman (2012).
Kendal Through Time . Amberley Publishing.
ISBN
978-1445608129 .
^
"Your MEPs: North West" . European Parliament Information Office in the United Kingdom. Archived from
the original on 13 February 2013.
^
"Home" .
Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2019 .
^
"Full Freeview on the Caldbeck (Cumbria, England) transmitter" . UK Free TV . 1 May 2004. Retrieved 2 October 2023 .
^
"Eden FM" . Retrieved 26 September 2023 .
^
"Cumberland and Westmorland Herald" . British Papers . 18 August 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2023 .
^
"The Westmorland Gazette" . British Papers . 15 November 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2023 .
^
"Appleby East Station" .
^ Jenkins, Stanley C.; Loader, Martin (2016). The London, Midland and Scottish Railway Volume Three Leeds to Carlisle . Amberley Publishing.
ISBN
978-1445643861 .
^
"Lady Anne Clifford" . English Heritage. Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
^
"Balow, Thomas" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
^
"John Boste" . St Anthony's and St Aidan's Catholic Sixth Form. Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
^
"Eddie lets go of wheel" . The Westmorland Gazette . 22 October 2003. Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
^
" 'I'm still Gavin Skelton, the farmer's son from Appleby' " . Times and Star . 9 May 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
^
"Appleby supports Strictly Come Dancing's Helen Skelton" . Cumberland and Westmorland Gazette . 9 October 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2023 .
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