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An anti-society is a small, separate community intentionally created within a larger society as an alternative to or resistance of it. [1] For example, Adam Podgórecki studied one anti-society composed of Polish prisoners; Bhaktiprasad Mallik of Sanskrit College studied another composed of criminals in Calcutta. [1]
Anti-languages are developed by these societies as a means to prevent outsiders from understanding their communication, and as a manner of establishing a subculture that meets the needs of their alternative social structure. [2] Anti-languages differ from slang and jargon in that they are used solely among ostracised or rebellious social groups including prisoners, [3] criminals, homosexuals, [2] and teenagers. [4]
References
- ^ a b Halliday, M. a. K. (1976-09-01). "Anti-Languages". American Anthropologist. 78 (3): 570–584. doi: 10.1525/aa.1976.78.3.02a00050. ISSN 1548-1433.
- ^ a b Baker, Paul (2002). Polari The Lost Language of Gay Men. Routledge. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-0415261807.
- ^ Zarzycki, Łukasz. "Socio-lingual Phenomenon of the Anti-language of Polish and American Prison Inmates" (PDF). Crossroads.
- ^ Kohn, Liberty. "Antilanguage and a Gentleman's Goloss: Style, Register, and Entitlement To Irony in A Clockwork Orange" (PDF). ESharp: 1–27.
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