Ann Wyley (or Wiley; died March 26, 1777) was an enslaved woman hanged for burglary in Detroit, at the time part of the British Province of Quebec. She is the only black person and one of the only two women known to have been legally executed in Michigan, and the only woman whose identity is known. [1]
Wyley was co-owned by James Abbott and Thomas Finchley, two businessmen in the fur trade who operated a store near Fort Detroit. It is unknown when or how she came to be in their possession. In mid-1774, Wyley was charged with stealing a collection of items from her enslavers, including a purse containing six guineas (equivalent to £843 in 2021), a handkerchief, two pairs of women's shoes, and a piece of flannel. Another of the firm's laborers, Jean Contencineau (probably an indentured servant), was also charged as an accomplice, while a third worker, Charles Landry, confessed to involvement but was let free; the two men had both stolen beaver, otter, and raccoon skins. [2] Wyley and Contencineau were additionally charged with arson, as they were alleged to have lit a fire to cover their traces. [3]
After their arrest, Wyley and Contencineau did not face trial until mid-1776, imprisoned in Fort Detroit. The town notary and justice of the peace, Philippe DeJean, granted the pair a jury trial. They were acquitted of arson, as there was only circumstantial evidence, but found guilty of the burglary; Contencineau had testified that Wyley was the "mastermind" of their scheme. As the fort had suffered a recent spate of petty thefts, DeJean wished to make an example of them. He sentenced them to death, a decision ratified by Lieutenant-Governor Henry Hamilton. [2] Wyley and Contencineau were publicly hanged on March 27, 1777. According to some sources, DeJean offered to pardon Wyley if she performed Contencineau's execution herself, as no one else was willing to serve as executioner. [3] She did so "in such a clumsy fashion that the spectators were horrified at the struggles of the victim" but was then hanged anyway. [4]
See also
References
- ^ The other woman was an unnamed enslaved Native American executed in April 1763. Executions in the U.S. 1608-2002: The ESPY File Executions by State, Death Penalty Information Center, p. 166. Retrieved November 26, 2017.
- ^ a b Miles, Tiya (2017). The Dawn of Detroit: A Chronicle of Slavery and Freedom in the City of the Straits. The New Press. ISBN 9781620972328.
- ^ a b Martelle, Scott (2014). Detroit: A Biography. Chicago Review Press. p. 14. ISBN 9781613748848.
- ^ Baker, David V. (2015). Women and Capital Punishment in the United States: An Analytical History. McFarland. p. 111. ISBN 9780786499502.
- 1777 deaths
- 18th-century executions of American people
- American executioners
- People executed by British North America by hanging
- People executed by the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)
- Capital punishment in Michigan
- 18th-century American slaves
- People from Detroit
- American people convicted of burglary
- Executed American women
- Executed African-American people
- People executed for theft
- 18th-century African-American women
- 18th-century African-American people
- African-American history of Michigan
- Publicly executed people