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Andrew Yuryevich Bogolubsky | |
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Right-Believing, Passion Bearer | |
Born | unknown Rostov, Kievan Rus' |
Died | 28 June 1174 Bogolyubovo, Vladimir-Suzdal |
Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church |
Canonized | 15 October 1702 (Translation), Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir by Russian Orthodox Church |
Major shrine | Dormition cathedral, Vladimir |
Feast | 4 July (burial), 30 June, 23 June, 10 October, 25 May |
Attributes | Clothed as a Russian Grand Prince, holding a three-bar cross in his right hand |
Patronage | Russian NBC Protection Troops |
Andrey Bogolyubsky (died 28 June 1174; [1] Russian: Андрей Ю́рьевич Боголюбский, romanized: Andrey Yuryevich Bogolyubsky, lit. Andrey Yuryevich of Bogolyubovo), was Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1157 [2] until his death. During repeated internecine wars between the princely clans, Andrey accompanied his father Yuri Dolgorukiy during a brief capture of Kiev in 1149; 20 years later, he led the Sack of Kiev (1169), [3] [4] and made efforts to elevate Vladimir on the Klyazma as the new capital of Kievan Rus'. [5] He was canonized as a saint in the Russian Orthodox Church in 1702. [6]
Andrey Bogolyubsky was born ca. 1111,[ where?][ citation needed] to a daughter of Ayyub Khan, the Kipchak leader, and to Yuri I Vladimirovich (Russian: Юрий Владимирович), commonly known as Yuri Dolgoruki (Russian: Юрий Долгорукий). Yuri was a son of Volodimer II Monomakh, progenitor of the Monomakhovichi. [7] Yuri proclaimed Andrey a prince in Vyshgorod (near Kiev).[ citation needed]
Andrey left Vyshgorod in 1155 and moved to Vladimir,[ citation needed] a little town on the river Klyazma founded in 1108. [7] After his father's death in 1157, he became Knyaz (prince) of Vladimir, Rostov and Suzdal. [5] He commenced the construction of fortifications around the town of Vladimir in 1158 (completed in 1164), as well as the Dormition Cathedral in Vladimir. [7] In 1162, Andrey sent an embassy to Constantinople, lobbying for a separate metropolitan see in Vladimir. [8] Fortifications around Vladimir were completed in 1164. [3] The same year Andrey attacked the Volga Bolgars; [3] he won a victory, but a son was killed in battle, to whose memory he ordered the construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl in 1165. [9]
In 1169 Andrey's troops sacked Kiev, devastating it as never before. [4] [10] After plundering the city, [11] stealing much religious artwork, which included the Byzantine "Mother of God" icon. [12] Andrey appointed his brother Gleb as prince of Kiev, in an attempt to unify his lands with Kiev. [13] Following his brother's death in 1171, Andrey became embroiled in a two-year war to maintain control over Kiev, which ended in his defeat. [13]
Andrey established for himself the right to receive tribute from the populations of the Northern Dvina lands.[ citation needed] As "ruler of all Suzdal land",[ This quote needs a citation] Bogolyubsky transferred the capital to Vladimir, strengthened it, and constructed the Assumption Cathedral, [14] the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, [15] and other churches and monasteries. Under his leadership Vladimir was much enlarged, and fortifications were built around the city. [16]
During Andrey's reign, the Vladimir-Suzdal principality achieved significant power, and it became the strongest among the Kievan Rus' principalities.[ citation needed] The expansion of his princely authority, and his conflicts with the upper nobility, the boyars, gave rise to a conspiracy that resulted in Bogolyubsky's death on the night of 28–29 June 1174, when twenty of them burst into his chambers and slew him in his bed. [12]
According to the story of Andrey Bogolyubsky's death as recorded in the Kievan Chronicle of the Hypatian Codex (Ipatiev), [18] and the Radziwiłł Chronicle, [17] his "right hand" was cut off [18] [17] by an assailant called "Peter" (Петръ):
However, the Radziwiłł Chronicle's adjoining miniature depicts his assailants cutting off his left arm. [17] Moreover, when Dmitry Gerasimovich Rokhlin examined the exhumed body of Andrey Bogolyubsky in 1965, he "found a lot of cut marks on the left humerus and forearm bones". [18] A 2009 special historical study by Russian historian A.V. Artcikhovsky (2009) would later confirm Rokhlin's observations. [18]
With his wife, Andrey Bogolyubsky had one son, Yury Bogolyubsky, who became the husband of Queen Tamar of Georgia.[ citation needed]