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Family of sawflies
Anaxyelidae is a family of incense cedar wood wasps in the order
Hymenoptera . It contains only one living genus,
Syntexis , which has only a single species, native to Western North America.
[1]
[2]
[3] Fossils of the family extend back to the Middle Jurassic, belonging to over a dozen extinct genera, with a particularly high diversity during the
Early Cretaceous . Syntexis lay eggs in the
sapwood of conifers, preferring recently burnt wood.
[4]
Genera
These genera belong to the family Anaxyelidae:
Taxonomy after
[4]
Subfamily Syntexinae
Syntexis Rohwer, 1915 Western North America, Recent
†
Cretosyntexis Rasnitsyn & Martinez-Delclos, 2000
La Pedrera de Rubies Formation , Spain, Early Cretaceous (
Barremian )
†
Curiosyntexis Kopylov, 2019
[5]
Ola Formation Russia, Late Cretaceous (
Campanian )
†
Daosyntexis Kopylov, Rasnitsyn, Zhang & Zhang, 2020
Daohugou , China, Middle Jurassic (
Callovian )
[6]
†
Dolichosyntexis Kopylov, 2019
[5]
Zaza Formation , Russia, Early Cretaceous (
Aptian )
†
Eosyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1990
Purbeck Group , United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (
Berriasian )
La Pedrera de Rubies Formation , Spain, Early Cretaceous (
Barremian ),
Turga Formation , Russia, Aptian,
Spanish amber , Early Cretaceous (
Albian )
†
Orthosyntexis J. Gao, Engel, Shih, & T. Gao, 2021
Burmese amber , Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (
Cenomanian )
[4]
†
Parasyntexis Kopylov, 2019
[5] Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (
Aptian )
†
Sclerosyntexis Wang, Ren, Kopylov & Gao, 2020
Burmese amber , Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (
Cenomanian )
[7]
Subfamily Anaxyelinae
†
Anasyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1968
Karabastau Formation , Middle/Late Jurassic (
Callovian -
Oxfordian )
†
Anaxyela Martynov, 1925 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
†
Brachysyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1969 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian),
Yixian Formation , China, Aptian, Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
†
Dolichostigma Rasnitsyn, 1968 Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
†
Kempendaja Rasnitsyn, 1968
Khaya Formation , Russia, Late Jurassic (
Tithonian )
†
Kulbastavia Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
†
Mangus Kopylov, 2019
[5]
Dzun-Bain Formation , Mongolia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
†
Sphenosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
†
Syntexyela Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
†
Urosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (
Aptian )
References
^
Taeger, A.; Liston, A.D.; Prous, M.; Groll, E.K.; et al. (2018).
"ECatSym – Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera)" . Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI), Müncheberg. Retrieved 2019-06-01 .
^
Aguiar, A.P.; Deans, A.R.; Engel, M.S.; Forshage, M.; et al. (2013). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.).
"Order Hymenoptera. In: Zhang Z-Q (ed) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classif. and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013)" . Zootaxa . 3703 (1): 1–82.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.12 .
ISBN
978-1-86977-849-1 .
ISSN
1175-5326 .
PMID
26146682 .
^
"Family Anaxyelidae information" . BugGuide.net . Retrieved 2019-06-01 .
^
a
b
c Gao, Jia; Engel, Michael S.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Gao, Taiping (2021-10-29).
"A new genus of anaxyelid wood wasps from the mid-Cretaceous and the phylogeny of Anaxyelidae (Hymenoptera)" . Journal of Hymenoptera Research . 86 : 151–169.
doi :
10.3897/jhr.86.73161 .
ISSN
1314-2607 .
S2CID
240258376 .
^
a
b
c
d KOPYLOV, DMITRY S. (2019-05-09).
"New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia" . Zootaxa . 4603 (2): 341.
doi :
10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7 .
ISSN
1175-5334 .
PMID
31717231 .
S2CID
164717860 .
^ Kopylov, Dmitry S.; Rasnitsyn, Alexander P.; Zhang, Haichun; Zhang, Qi (2020-01-02).
"Anaxyelidae of Daohugou: oldest occurrences of the relict family in the fossil record. Part 1: Daosyntexis and Brachysyntexis" . Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology . 44 (1): 104–114.
doi :
10.1080/03115518.2019.1697753 .
ISSN
0311-5518 .
S2CID
213022739 .
^ Wang, Yimo; Wang, Mei; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Kopylov, Dmitry S.; Gao, Taiping (May 2020).
"A new anaxyelid sawfly (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Siricoidea) in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber" . Cretaceous Research . 109 : 104372.
doi :
10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104372 .
ISSN
0195-6671 .
S2CID
213923812 .
Further reading