American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines, New York, was the leading US-flag
shipping company between the U.S. east coast and the Mediterranean from 1919 to 1977, offering both
cargo ship and
passenger ship services, until it declared bankruptcy and was acquired by
Farrell Lines of New York.
Company history
American Export Lines (I)
Export Steamship Corporation was organized in 1919 and began operating cargo services to the Mediterranean from New York. The word American was added in the 1920s to emphasize its ties to the U.S. In 1931, they placed in service four cargo-passenger liners, Excalibur, Excambion, Exeter and Exochorda, known as the "
Four Aces". The timing of their new service was unfortunately at the beginning of the Depression. The company went through various reorganizations and became the American Export Lines in 1936. During
World War II American Export Lines operated transports for the U.S.
War Shipping Administration.[1] In 1964, it merged with Isbrandtsen Co. to become the American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines.
Isbrandtsen Steamship Company
In 1917,
Hans Isbrandtsen formed a shipping company name Hans Isbrandtsen Inc. in
Delaware and the Pan American Terminal & Dock Corporation in
New York City. The shipping company underwent changes when Hans Isbrandtsen and his cousin
A. P. Møller, the shipping magnate who formed the great
Maersk Line, began a joint venture in 1919 forming the Isbrandtsen-Moller Company (ISMOLCO) in New York. ISMOLCO grew rapidly when in 1928, a long-term agreement was reached with
Ford Motor Corporation, shipping auto parts and general cargo for
Japan,
China and the
Philippines via the
Panama Canal. Isbrandtsen founded the Isbrandtsen Steamship Company in 1939 to operate ships in areas where ISMOLCO was not involved. In 1940, this joint venture dramatically transformed due to "Permanent Special Instructions One" issued by Møller, upon which A. P. Møller's son
Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller was made a partner. In 1941, the joint venture ended. Møller and his son went on to found the Interseas Shipping Co., Inc., the predecessor to the Moller Steamship Company, an agent for the Mærsk Line in the United States[2] While Interseas Shipping Co., Inc., operated mainly in the Atlantic, Isbrandtsen Steamship Company traded mainly in the Far East. Hans's son Jakob took over the company in 1953 upon Hans's passing and bought American Export Lines in 1960. The purchase was approved by the
United States Maritime Administration in 1962. Jakob Isbrandtsen merged Isbrandtsen Co. with American Export Lines in 1964 to form American Export & Isbrandtsen Lines, which a year later changed its name to American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines.
American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines
Jakob Isbrandtsen formed the American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines in 1964 by merging his two shipping companies. Also in 1964, Isbrandtsen, who became a majority stake holder in
Ward Industries in 1960, restructured it and in 1967 formed American Export Industries, Inc., a holding company to manage American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines and all support for his fleet operations, including container services, port operations and fleet logistics. In 1971, American Export Industries spun off its holdings and returned to being the American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines. This merger ended in 1973.
American Export Lines (II)
American Export Lines (AEL), re-emerged after the dissolution of the American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines in 1973. AEL sold their
Staten Island Marine Terminal to the
City of New York in 1974. After heavy losses and unable to meet crippling debt payments, AEL went into bankruptcy in July 1977, with
Farrell Lines buying its port operations in New York City and its remaining ships a year later, including two container ships on order or already under construction at
Bath Iron Works, the Argonaut and Resolute, which were delivered directly to Farrell. Farrell Lines was acquired by
Royal P&O Nedlloyd in July 2000; in turn, Royal P&O Nedlloyd was acquired by
A.P. Moller-Maersk Group in August 2005. The port operations formerly associated with the American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines became part of the
Dubai Ports World controversy in February 2006.
Passenger shipping services
Their first passenger ships were actually combination passenger-cargo ships, known as "
Four Aces", Excalibur, Exeter, Excambion and Exochorda. These ships were ordered built by AEL during the time when the company's president was Henry Herbman, an old-time dockman in New York. They were built by the
New York Shipbuilding Company, headed up by
Clinton L. Bardo, and first launched in 1931. However, Herbman was not a good businessman and the ships had not been paid for. J. E. Slater, who was with the consulting firm Coverdale and Colpitts of New York City, was asked to look into their finances, and he quickly found that the business was not being run efficiently. Finally the Maritime Commission removed Herbman from his position and J. E. Slater was asked to run the company for a few years to stabilize it. The company's financial position improved significantly, assisted by a life insurance policy Herbman had bought himself, which was paid to the company and settled the debt problem. (This information was found in Slater's taped memoirs which were passed on to his children and grandchildren.) With the exception of the Exochorda, the ships were lost during
World War II as a result of enemy fire. The Exochorda was later sold to Turkish Maritime Lines and renamed Tarsus.
Following the war, the tonnage was replaced with
C-3 class troop transports with the same names. They were given luxury appointments for 125 passengers as well as sufficient cargo-carrying capacity.
The crowning achievement in American Export's passenger services were their largest and best-known liners, the twin ships
SS Constitution and
SS Independence. The vessels were designed in their entirety by
Henry Dreyfuss and the names were chosen by a competition. O. J. "Skip" Weber, Slater's son-in-law, entered both names and won the prize. The ship was "sponsored" at its launching by Mrs. John E. (Pauline) Slater. The famous 1957 movie "An Affair to Remember" was filmed on the
SS Constitution. On April 4, 1956, Grace Kelly sailed on the
SS Constitution when she traveled to Monaco to wed Prince Rainier.[3]