From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Subfamily of reptiles
Alligatorinae is a
subfamily within the
family
Alligatoridae that contains the
alligators and their closest extinct relatives, and is the
sister taxon to
Caimaninae (the caimans). Many
genera in Alligatorinae are described, but only the genus
Alligator is still living, with the remaining genera
extinct .
Evolution
Alligators and
caimans split in North America during the early
Tertiary or late
Cretaceous (about 53 million to about 65 million years ago).
[2]
[3] The
Chinese alligator split from the
American alligator about 33 million years ago
[2] and likely descended from a lineage that crossed
the Bering land bridge during the
Neogene . The modern American alligator is well represented in the fossil record of the
Pleistocene .
[4] The alligator's full
mitochondrial genome was sequenced in the 1990s.
[5] The full
genome , published in 2014, suggests that the alligator evolved much more slowly than mammals and birds.
[6]
Phylogeny
Alligatorinae is
cladistically defined as Alligator mississippiensis (the
American alligator ) and all species closer to it than to Caiman crocodylus (the
spectacled caiman ).
[7]
[8] This is a
stem-based definition for Alligatorinae, and means that it includes more
basal
extinct alligator ancestors that are more closely related to living alligators than to
caimans .
The below
cladogram shows the
phylogeny of Alligatorinae.
[9]
[8]
Taxonomy
References
^
"The Paleobiology Database: Alligatoridae" . Archived from
the original on 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2012-02-08 .
^
a
b Pan, T.; Miao, J.-S.; Zhang, H.-B.; Yan, P.; Lee, P.-S.; Jiang, X.-Y.; Ouyang, J.-H.; Deng, Y.-P.; Zhang, B.-W.; Wu, X.-B. (2020). "Near-complete phylogeny of extant Crocodylia (Reptilia) using mitogenome-based data". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 191 (4): 1075–1089.
doi :
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa074 .
^ Oaks, J.R. (2011).
"A time-calibrated species tree of Crocodylia reveals a recent radiation of the true crocodiles" . Evolution . 65 (11): 3285–3297.
doi :
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01373.x .
PMID
22023592 .
S2CID
7254442 .
^ Brochu, Christopher A. (1999). "Phylogenetics, Taxonomy, and Historical Biogeography of Alligatoroidea". Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir . 6 : 9–100.
doi :
10.2307/3889340 .
JSTOR
3889340 .
^ Janke, A.; Arnason, U. (1997).
"The complete mitochondrial genome of Alligator mississippiensis and the separation between recent archosauria (birds and crocodiles)" . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 14 (12): 1266–72.
doi :
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025736 .
PMID
9402737 .
^ Green RE, Braun EL, Armstrong J, Earl D, Nguyen N, Hickey G, Vandewege MW, St John JA, Capella-Gutiérrez S, Castoe TA, Kern C, Fujita MK, Opazo JC, Jurka J, Kojima KK, Caballero J, Hubley RM, Smit AF, Platt RN, Lavoie CA, Ramakodi MP, Finger JW, Suh A, Isberg SR, Miles L, Chong AY, Jaratlerdsiri W, Gongora J, Moran C, Iriarte A, McCormack J, Burgess SC, Edwards SV, Lyons E, Williams C, Breen M, Howard JT, Gresham CR, Peterson DG, Schmitz J, Pollock DD, Haussler D, Triplett EW, Zhang G, Irie N, Jarvis ED, Brochu CA, Schmidt CJ, McCarthy FM, Faircloth BC, Hoffmann FG, Glenn TC, Gabaldón T, Paten B, Ray DA (2014).
"Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs" . Science . 346 (6215): 1254449.
doi :
10.1126/science.1254449 .
PMC
4386873 .
PMID
25504731 .
^ Brochu, C. A. (2003).
"Phylogenetic approaches toward crocodylian history" (PDF) . Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences . 31 (31): 357–97.
Bibcode :
2003AREPS..31..357B .
doi :
10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141308 . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2021-07-26 .
^
a
b Brochu, C. A. (2011).
"Phylogenetic relationships of Necrosuchus ionensis Simpson, 1937 and the early history of caimanines" . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 163 : S228–S256.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00716.x .
^ Hastings, A. K.; Bloch, J. I.; Jaramillo, C. A.; Rincon, A. F.; MacFadden, B. J. (2013).
"Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama" . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 33 (2): 239.
Bibcode :
2013JVPal..33..239H .
doi :
10.1080/02724634.2012.713814 .
S2CID
83972694 .