Editor-in-chief | Rashid Rida |
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Categories |
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Frequency |
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Founder |
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Founded | 1898 |
Final issue | 1940 |
Country | Egypt |
Based in | Cairo |
Language | Arabic |
Al-Manār ( Arabic: المنار; 'The Lighthouse'), was an Islamic magazine, written in Arabic, and was founded, published and edited by Rashid Rida from 1898 until his death in 1935 in Cairo, Egypt. [1] [2] The magazine championed the superiority of Islamic religious system over other ideologies and was noteworthy for its campaigns for the restoration of a pan-Islamic Caliphate. [3]
Al-Manār was founded by Rashid Rida in 1898, [2] and his brother, Salih Rida, was also instrumental in the establishment of the magazine. [4] They were both members of the Decentralization Party. [4] Their goal in establishing the magazine was to articulate and disseminate reformist ideas and preserve the unity of the Muslim nations. [5] The magazine was based in Cairo. [1] [6] It was started as a weekly, but later its frequency was switched to monthly. [1]
Rashid Rida was the sole editor-in-chief of the magazine. [2] Its content was heavily about Quranic interpretations. [6] Rida published numerous articles in Al-Manār which praised the Wahhabi movement in Arabia. [7] One of the contributors was Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, a scholar from Aleppo, Syria. [8] His book, Umm al-Qura, was serialized in Al-Manār from April 1902 to February 1903 which proposed the establishment of an Arab Caliphate. [9] The magazine also featured articles on politics [6] and covered the coronation of King Hussein as the ruler of Hejaz in October 1916. [10]
In addition to championing the beliefs of the Arabian Muwahhidun movement, Al-Manar also popularised the treatises of major Salafi theologians of Yemen. These included Nayl al-Autar & Irshad al-Fuhul by Al-Shawkani and Subul al-Salam by Ibn al-Amir Al-San’ani. Outlining the religious orientation of his magazine, Rashid Rida wrote:
“since its inception, al-Manar has been preaching the pure oneness [of God] and the views of the early pious generation (madhhab al-salaf) in matters [related to] the dogmas and guidance of Islam. As for matters relating to governance and power, it [i.e., al-Manar, has been advocating] the arts of the age and the laws of nature (funun al-asr wa sunan al-khalq)" [11]
Al-Manār was one of the earliest Arab publications which called attention to the Zionist threat against Palestine. [12] The magazine claimed in 1898 that the Zionists were attempting to occupy Palestine. [12] It repeated the same fears in 1902. [12]
Following the death of Rashid Rida in 1935, Al-Manār was irregularly published until 1940. [8] In October 1939 it was temporarily banned by the Egyptian government. [13] Two issues were published by the heirs of Rida, and from 1939 to 1940 the Association of Muslim Brotherhood was the publisher of Al-Manār. [8]
Al-Manar advocated for a fundamentalist revival of the methodology and doctrine of the Salaf al-Salih based on the writings of classical Hanbali theologian Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (728 A.H/1263 C.E); communicating these ideas in such a way that mobilised the Muslim masses both culturally and politically. [14] The intellectual heritage of Al-Manār is one of the basic tenets adopted by the popular movements in Arab World, including the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and the Association of Algerian ‘Ulama’ in Algeria. [8] Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, Hasan Al Banna, praised Al-Manar as one of "the greatest influences in the service of Islam for this age in Egypt and in other areas." [15]
Al-Manār inspired various journals, including Shura, a Turkic language magazine published in Orenburg from 1908 to 1918. [16] [17]