Abies holophylla, also called needle fir[2] or Manchurian fir, is a species of
fir native to mountainous regions of northern
Korea, southern
Ussuriland, and
China in the provinces of
Heilongjiang,
Jilin, and
Liaoning.
It is an
evergreenconiferoustree growing to 30 m (100 ft) tall and 1 m (3 ft) in trunk diameter with a narrowly conical crown of horizontal spreading branches. The
bark is scaly and gray-brown with resin blisters. The
leaves ("needles") are flattened, 2–4 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄2 in) long and 1.5–2.5 mm (1⁄16–3⁄32 in) thick, spread at right angles from the shoot, and end in a point.[1]
They spread on two sides, but not flat like for example in
silver fir. Usually they more or less rise up forming with the shoot a V-shape empty compartment above it. Unlike in silver fir, the leaves here are sharp and prickly, without any indentation at the top.[3]
They are bright green above and whitish-green below with 2 whitish strips, each of which is formed by 7–10
wax-covered
stomatal bands. The shoots are glabrous, shiny yellow-gray when young and turning gray-brown. The
cones are 12–14 cm (4+3⁄4–5+1⁄2 in) long by 4–5 cm (1+1⁄2–2 in) wide, yellow-brown, and slightly tapering with a bluntly rounded apex. The scale bracts are hidden under the cone scales. The
seeds, 8–9 mm (5⁄16–3⁄8 in) long with a wedge-shaped wing 1.5 cm (5⁄8 in) long, are released after the cones disintegrate at maturity in October.
Manchurian fir is sometimes, but not commonly, used as an
ornamental plant.[1]
Gallery
Unlike in some of other firs, unmature cones here are not purple-bluish, but green. [3]
Disintegrating cones. The cones in both images are covered by
resin.
Young developing cones in early July. In contrast to
spruce, even large fir cones are raised.
Foliage - characteristic for
fir: flat needle leaves with two whitish stripes on the bottom
^
abSeneta, Włodzimierz (1981). Drzewa i krzewy iglaste (Coniferous trees and shrubs) (in Polish) (1st ed.). Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (PWN).
ISBN83-01-01663-9.