The first 70 locomotives were built for Amtrak to replace the railroad's fleet of aging
AEM-7 and unreliable
HHP-8 locomotives. The first ACS-64 entered service in February 2014 and deliveries continued until August 2016.
The design is based on the
EuroSprinter and the
Vectron platforms, which Siemens sells in Europe and Asia.[7] Significant structural changes to the design were made to comply with American
crashworthiness requirements, including the addition of crumple zones and anti-climbing features as well as structural strengthening of the cab, resulting in a heavier locomotive than the previous models.[5][2] The body is a
monocoque structure with integral frames and sidewalls.[2]
The locomotives are able to operate from the 25
kV 60 Hz, 12.5 kV 60 Hz, and 12 kV 25 Hz power supplies used on the Northeast Corridor, and have a maximum power of 6,400 kilowatts (8,600 hp).[7] The locomotives are designed to be capable of accelerating 18
Amfleet cars to maximum speeds as high as 125 mph (201 km/h) on the Northeast Corridor in a little over eight minutes,[8] with trains of eight Amfleets taking two and a half minutes to reach the same speed.[9] They had advanced safety systems, including specialized
couplers designed to keep trains from rolling over, jackknifing, or derailing during a collision.[10] Additionally, the new locomotives are more energy-efficient than those that they replace, and lack dynamic braking grids in favor of 100%
regenerative braking, depending on grid receptiveness. Energy generated from the brake may also be used to meet
HEP needs, further reducing current draw from the grid.[10]
Each locomotive has two
electrical converter units with three
IGBT based, water cooled output
inverters per converter. Two of the inverters power the traction motors; the third unit supplies head-end and auxiliary power.[2] The HEP/auxiliary inverters are dual-redundant and identical (rated 1,000 kW or 1,300 hp), allowing the locomotive to remain in service should one inverter fail en route.[8] The locomotive
bogies are fabricated steel designs, with low-lying traction links and center pivot pin. The traction motors are frame-mounted, with
torque transmitted via a hollow shaft drive. Locomotive braking is facilitated by cheek mounted
disc brakes on each wheel.[2]
The locomotives are compliant with the "
Buy America Act" and were assembled at the Siemens factory in
Florin, California, with traction and electrical equipment being manufactured at Siemens facilities in
Norcross and
Alpharetta, Georgia.[5] Traction inverters were manufactured in Alpharetta, and the traction motors and gear units were manufactured in
Norwood, Ohio.[4]
Amtrak
Procurement
In October 2010, Amtrak ordered 70 locomotives at a cost of US$466 million, to be delivered beginning in February 2013.[3] The order was the second part of Amtrak's company-wide fleet-replacement program, after an order for 130
Viewliner II passenger cars was placed in July 2010. On June 30, 2011, US Secretary of Transportation
Ray LaHood announced that Amtrak had received a $562.9 million loan from the federal government's
Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing program for the new locomotives.[11] The additional funding over and above the $466 million will cover capital spare parts and facility improvements to accommodate the ACS-64s.
Amtrak and Siemens Mobility unveiled the first three completed locomotives on May 13, 2013. They were tested during the summer of 2013:
Nos. 600 and 601 at the
Transportation Technology Center in
Pueblo, Colorado, and No. 602 on the NEC.[12][13]
On February 6, 2014, then-Vice President
Joe Biden visited 30th Street Station in Philadelphia to tour ACS-64 #600. In his subsequent remarks he stressed the importance of infrastructure investment as well as the important role Amtrak's new locomotives will play in serving the critical artery of the Northeast Corridor.[14]
Amtrak and Siemens celebrated the completion of the last ACS-64, No. 670, in
Florin, California, on June 2, 2016.[15] The celebration concluded with unit No. 670 being towed by Amtrak CEO
Joe Boardman's train bound for
Washington, D.C.[citation needed] Locomotive No. 670 entered service in August 2016, completing the acceptance of the Amtrak order.[16]
Service
Unit 600 entered service on February 7, 2014, on Northeast Regional train 171 from Boston to Washington, D.C.[17] As the new locomotives entered service, they gradually displaced the electric locomotives that Amtrak had previously operated. The extra six ACS-64 units were to be used to increase the number of locomotives available for use at any point, and to add more frequent service in the future.[18] The final unit, #670, was delivered from Siemens on June 2, 2016,[15] and entered revenue service in August of the same year.[16]
SEPTA
In May 2015,
SEPTA (
Philadelphia's mass-transit authority) approved an initial order for 13 ACS-64 locomotives for
commuter service to replace its 7
AEM-7 and single
ALP-44 locomotives on push-pull express trains, with an option for an additional five locomotives to be added to the order. On November 11, 2015,
Siemens announced that it was awarded the $118 million contract for the initial 13 locomotives.[19][20] The total contract value, including the option for additional locomotives, is worth $154 million.[21][22][23]
On February 29, 2016, Amtrak unit 664 began test runs on SEPTA Regional Rail branches to test the height of the locomotives on SEPTA territory, and to ensure clearance through the
Center City Tunnel.[24] After testing the unit on most of SEPTA's lines, it was returned to Amtrak on March 21, 2016, for completion of its acceptance testing.[25] From July 2016 until April 2017, SEPTA leased several ACS-64 units to pull five
Amfleet cars and several
MARC Train sets as emergency rolling stock after all
Silverliner V cars were temporarily pulled from service.[26]
SEPTA's first ACS-64 was delivered on December 14, 2017, by which time SEPTA had increased its order to 15 locomotives.[27][28][29] The first unit entered service on the
Paoli/Thorndale Line on July 11, 2018.[30]
^"May 2015 Special Agenda"(PDF). Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority. May 2015. Archived from
the original(PDF) on June 18, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2015.