American Civil War Union Army unit
Military unit
The 5th Vermont Infantry Regiment was a three years'
infantry
regiment in the
Union Army during the
American Civil War . Organized at St. Albans and mustered in September 16, 1861, it served in the
Army of the Potomac (AoP). It departed Vermont for Washington, DC, September 23, 1861.
Service
The 5th Vermont Infantry was part of the
Army of the Potomac (Aop), in the
Vermont Brigade of
VI Corps .
The 5th was composed of members from
St. Albans ,
Middlebury ,
Swanton ,
Hyde Park ,
Manchester ,
Cornwall ,
Rutland ,
Brandon ,
Burlington ,
Poultney ,
Tinmouth , and
Richmond . It was mustered into federal service in the
U. S. Army for three years at St. Albans, Sept. 16, 1861. It was ordered at once to
Washington and joined the other Vermont troops at Camp Advance, near the
Chain bridge , where it was assigned to the Vermont brigade, with which it served during the remainder of the war.
The fortunes of this brigade were many months of hard fighting and miles of weary marching, but at the end the attainment of lasting renown. Company E, from Manchester, is said to have suffered the heaviest loss of any company from Vermont, and at the Battle of Savage Station on June 29, 1862, the regiment is said to have suffered the heaviest loss in killed and wounded of any one regiment in a single action.
The regiment had its important share in the engagements of the Vermont brigade. It fought all through the Peninsula campaign from Yorktown to the Seven days. During the Maryland Campaign, it was heavily engaged at Antietam. At Fredericksburg, the 5th took part in the assault on Maryes Heights. During Chancellorsville, it was part of the AoP that remained opposite Fredericksburg, taking Maryes Heights on that occasion. It met and repulsed Pickett's Charge with the Vermont Brigade.
It was detached to New York City in response to the draft riots in August 1863 and returned to the AoP to participate in the Bristoe and Mine Run campaigns in the vicinity of the Rapidan and Rappahannock in the autumn of 1863. Early in December of 1863, many of the members of the 5th reenlisted. The 5th continued in service as a veteran organization and participated in the bloody Overland Campaign with the AoP from the Wilderness to Cold Harbor, afterward taking part in the siege of Petersburg, where it was active in the operations.
In the summer of 1864, the 5th moved to Washington with VI Corps to confront Maj. Gen.
Jubal Early , whose troops threatened the city. It then fought under Sheridan in the Shenandoah. On that campaign, on September 15, 1864, the original members not reenlisted, were mustered out at
Clifton . After the successful completion of that campaign, the 5th returned with VI Corps to the Siege of Petersburg in December of 1864.
In the final assault on Petersburg, April 2, 1865, the Vermont brigade was in the front of the line, the 5th being the first regiment to reach the enemy's works and there plant its colors. It then joined in the pursuit and after Lee's surrender moved to Danville to cooperate with Maj. Gen.
Sherman .
The veterans and recruits were mustered out on June 29, 186529, 1865.
Regimental Staff
Through its service, the staff officers were:
Colonels—Henry A. Smalley,
Lewis A. Grant , John R. Lewis, Ronald A. Kennedy
Lieutenant-Colonels—Nathan Lord, Jr., Lewis A. Grant, John R. Lewis, Charles P. Dudley, Addison Brown, Jr., Ronald A. Kennedy, Eugene O. Cole
Majors—Lewis A. Grant. Redfield Proctor, John R. Lewis, Charles P. Dudley, Eugene 0. Cole, Thomas Kavaney
Camp of the 5th Vermont Infantry, Camp Griffin, Va., 1861
Notable soldiers
Affiliations, battle honors, detailed service, and casualties
Organizational affiliation
Its assignments are as follows:
Attached to Brook's Brigade, Smith's Division, AoP, to March, 1862
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division,
IV Corps , AoP, to May, 1862
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division,
VI Corps , AoP, to August, 1863
Provost of New York City, August to September, 1863
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, VI Corps, AoP, to August, 1864
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, VI Corps,
Army of the Shenandoah ,
Middle Military Division , to December 1864
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, VI Corps, AoP, to June 1865
List of battles
The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part:
Defense of Washington ; December 1861 – April 1862
Siege of Yorktown ; | April 5 – May 4, 1862
Battle of Williamsburg ; May 5, 1862
Battle of Garnett's & Golding's Farm ; June 26, 1862
Battle of Savage's Station ; June 29, 1862
Battle of White Oak Swamp ; June 30, 1862
Battle of Crampton's Gap ; September 14, 1862
Battle of Antietam ; September 17, 1862
Battle of Fredericksburg ; December 13, 1862
Battle of Marye's Heights ; May 3, 1863
Battle of Salem Church ; May 4, 1863
Second Battle of Fredericksburg ; June 5, 1863
Battle of Gettysburg ; July 3, 1863
Battle of Funkstown; July 10, 1863
Second Battle of Rappahannock Station ; November 7, 1863
Battle of the Wilderness ; May 5–10, 1864
Battle of Spotsylvania ; May 10–18, 1864
Battle of Cold Harbor ; June 1–12, 1864
Second Battle of Petersburg ; June 18, 1864
Battle of Reams' Station; June 29, 1864
Fort Stevens (Washington, D.C.) ; July 11, 1864
Battle of Charlestown; August 21, 1864
Battle of Opequon (Gilbert's Ford) September 13, 1864
Battle of Winchester (Opequon); September 19, 1864
Battle of Fisher's Hill ; September 21–22, 1864
Battle of Cedar Creek ; October 19, 1864
Siege of Petersburg ;| March 25, 1865
Third Battle of Petersburg April 2, 1865
Detailed service
1861
At Camp Griffin, Defenses of Washington till March 10, 1862
1862
Moved to Alexandria, VA March 10
The
Peninsula Campaign , March 17-July 3, 1862
To Fortress Monroe, VA March 23-24
Reconnaissance to Warwick River March 30
Young's Mills April 4
Siege of Yorktown April 5-May 4
Lee's Mills April 16
Battle of Williamsburg May 5
The Seven Days Battles June 25-July 1
Garnett's Farm June 27
Savage Station June 29
White Oak Swamp Bridge June 30
Malvern Hill July 1
At Harrison's Landing till August 16
Moved to Fortress Monroe, thence to Alexandria, August 16-24
The
Maryland Campaign September 4–20,
Crampton's Pass, September 14
Battle of Antietam September 16-17
At Hagerstown, MD, September 26- October 29
Movement to Falmouth, VA, October 29- November 19
Battle of Fredericksburg December 12-15
1863
Burnside's Second Campaign, Mud March , January 20-24
The
Chancellorsville Campaign April 27- May 6
Operations at Franklin's Crossing April 29-May 2
Maryes Heights, Fredericksburg, May 3
Salem Heights lay 3-4
Banks' Ford May 4
Franklin's Crossing June 5-12
Battle of Gettysburg, PA, July 2-4
Funkstown, MD, July 10-13
Detached from Army for duty at New York City and Kingston, NY, August 14- September 16
Rejoined army at Culpeper Court House, VA, September 23
The
Bristoe Campaign October 9-22
Advance to line of the Rappahannock, November 7-8
Rappahannock Station, November 7
The Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2
1864
The
Overland Campaign May 12-June 24
The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–10
Battle of Spotsylvania May 10–18
Battle of Cold Harbor June 1–12
Second Battle of Petersburg, June 18
Battle of Reams' Station, June 29
Repulse of Early's attack on Washington, DC, July 11-12
Battle of Fort Stevens July 11
Sheridan's
Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7- November 28
Near Charlestown August 21-22
Gilbert's Ford, Opequan Creek, September 13
Battle of Opequan (Third Winchester), September 19
Fisher's Hill September 22
Mustered out non-veterans October 14, 1864
Battle of Cedar Creek October 19
At Strasburg till November 9
At Kernstown till December 9
Moved to Petersburg, December 9-12
Siege of Petersburg December 13, 1864, to April 2, 1865
1865
Before Petersburg, March 25, 1865
The
Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9
Assault on and fall of Petersburg April 2
Sailor's Creek April 6
Appomattox Court House April 9
Surrender of Lee and his army
At Farmville and Burkesville Station till April 23
March to Danville April 23-27, and duty there till May 18
Moved to Manchester, thence march to Washington, D. C., May 24-June 8
Corps Review June 8
Mustered out the remaining regiment June 29, 1865.
Casualties and total strength
The 5th Vermont's original strength was 986. Regiment lost during service 11 Officers and 202 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 1 Officer and 124 Enlisted by disease. Total 340.
[note 1] Over the course of their service the regiment saw 8 promoted to other regiments, 447 honorably discharged, 12 dishonorably discharged, 98 deserted, and 8 missing in action. During its service, 91 of the men transferred to the
Veteran Reserve Corps and other organizations. The 5th had 615 men muster out at various times, 140 taken prisoner, and 476 wounded.
Armament
Soldiers in the 5th Vermont were armed through thr war with
model 1855 ,
1861 National Armory (NA) and contract
[note 2] The regiment reported the following surveys:
Ordnance Surveys
Survey for Fourth Quarter, 1862'
A — 44 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
B — 35 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
C — 48 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
D — 43 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
E — 27 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
F — 44 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
G — 41 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
H — 29 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
I — 43 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
K — 31 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
Survey for First Quarter, 1863'
A — 44 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
B — 37 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
C — 53 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
D — 43 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
E — 25 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
F — 46 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
G — 44 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
H — 29 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
I — 30 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
K — 33 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
Survey for Third Quarter, 1863'
A — 39 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
B — 25 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
C — 49 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
D — 49 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
E — 40 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
F — 23 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
G — 37 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
H — 29 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
I — 20 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
K — 31 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
Survey for Fourth Quarter, 1864'
A — 15 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
B — 15 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
C — 18 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
D — 20 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
E — 17 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
F — 13 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
G — 17 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
H — 15 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
I — 5 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
K — 10 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)
Shoulder Arms
Issued weapons
Springfield Model 1855
Springfield Model 1861
See also
References
Notes
^ The regiment lost 136 KIA, 65 mortally wounded, 112 dead of disease,21 dead in Confederate prisons, 1 executed, and 4 dead from accident.
^ In government records, National Armory refers to one of three United States Armory and Arsenals, the
Springfield Armory , the
Harpers Ferry Armory , and the
Rock Island Arsenal . Rifle-muskets, muskets, and rifles were manufactured in Springfield and Harper's Ferry before the war. When the Rebels destroyed the
Harpers Ferry Armory early in the
American Civil War and stole the machinery for the Confederate central government-run
Richmond Armory , the Springfield Armory was briefly the only government manufacturer of arms, until the
Rock Island Arsenal was established in 1862. During this time production ramped up to unprecedented levels ever seen in American manufacturing up until that time, with only 9,601 rifles manufactured in 1860, rising to a peak of 276,200 by 1864. These advancements would not only give the Union a decisive technological advantage over the Confederacy during the war but served as a precursor to the mass production manufacturing that contributed to the post-war
Second Industrial Revolution and 20th century machine manufacturing capabilities. American historian
Merritt Roe Smith has drawn comparisons between the early assembly machining of the Springfield rifles and the later production of the
Ford Model T , with the latter having considerably more parts, but producing a similar numbers of units in the earliest years of the 1913–1915 automobile assembly line, indirectly due to mass production manufacturing advancements pioneered by the armory 50 years earlier. These rifles were also produced by contracted commercial arms compnies who, by the contract, had to meet the NA manufacturing specifications.
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