This article is about the Hebrew month. For the Mesopotamian god after which the month takes its name, see
Dumuzid. For the corresponding Babylonian month, see
Tammuz (Babylonian calendar).
Tammuz (
Hebrew: תַּמּוּז, Tammūz), or Tamuz, is the tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the
Hebrew calendar, and the modern
Assyrian calendar. It is a month of 29 days, which occurs on the Gregorian calendar around June–July.
17 Tammuz –
Seventeenth of Tammuz – is a fast day from 1 hour before sunrise to sundown in remembrance of Jerusalem's walls being breached. 17 Tammuz is the beginning of
The Three Weeks, in which Jews follow similar customs as the ones followed during the
Omer from the day following
Passover until the culmination of the mourning for the death of the students of
Rabbi Akiva (the 33rd day of the Omer – such as refraining from marriage and haircuts.)[1] The Three Weeks culminate with
Tisha B'Av (9th of Av).
Ashkenazi communities refrain from wine and meat from the beginning of the month of
Av, while Sefardi communities only do so from the second day of the month. The mourning continues until noon on the 10th of Av, the date on which the Second Temple's destruction was complete.
3 Tammuz (1927) – the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe Rabbi
Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn was released from prison and sentenced to three years of exile in the city of Kostroma
9 Tammuz (c. 586 BCE) – Jerusalem walls breached by
Nebuchadnezzar II, a date observed as a fast day until the second breaching of Jerusalem's walls by the Roman Empire on the 17th of Tammuz (70 CE)[2]
12-13 Tammuz (1927) Release of Chabad Rabbi
Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn from prison in
Kostroma, Soviet Union; observed by Chabad Hasidim as holy day
17 Tammuz (c. 1312 BCE)[citation needed] –
golden calf offered by the Jewish people, 40 days after the giving of the Torah at Har Sinai. In response, Moses smashed the first Tablets. This is the first of the five national tragedies mourned on this day.
In the story of
Xenogears, Tammuz is the name of a country, named after the Hebrew month. In the official Japanese version translation, however, it was transliterated Tamuzu. This was later further changed by the translation process to "Thames" for the English version.
"Tammūz" (Arabic: ﺗﻤﻮﺯ), is also the name for the month of July in
Iraq, the
Levant and Turkey ("Temmuz" in
Turkish). In
Syriac it is ܬܡܘܙ. In
Lebanon,
Syria, and the
Palestinian territories, the
2006 Lebanon War is generally known as حرب تموز Ḥarb Tammūz (i.e. the July War), following the Arab custom of naming the Arab-Israeli wars after months or years.