阳金龙年 (male Iron-
Dragon) −153 or −534 or −1306 — to — 阴金蛇年 (female Iron-
Snake) −152 or −533 or −1305
Year 280 BC was a year of the
pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Laevinus and Coruncanius (or, less frequently, year 474 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 280 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the
Anno Dominicalendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Seleucid Empire
Antiochus makes his eldest son, Seleucus, king in the east, but he proves to be incompetent.
Antiochus is compelled to make peace with his father's murderer and King of Macedon,
Ptolemy Keraunos, abandoning, for the time being, his plans to control Macedonia and Thrace.
Nicomedes, King of
Bithynia, is threatened with an invasion from Antiochus who has already made war upon his father,
Zipoites. Antiochus actually invades Bithynia but withdraws again without risking a battle.
Antiochus is unable to bring under his control the Persian dynasties that rule in
Cappadocia.
The
Achaean League is reformed by twelve towns in the northern
Peloponnesus and will later grow to include non-Achaean cities. It has two generals, a federal council with proportional representation of members and an annual assembly of all free citizens. The League achieves a common coinage and foreign policy and the member cities pool their armed forces.
Rhodes, rising in prosperity, becomes head of an Island League and helps to keep the peace and freedom of the Greek islands in the
Aegean Sea.
The
Colossus of Rhodes is completed by the sculptor
Chares of Lindos after twelve years' work. It becomes one of the
seven wonders of the ancient world. The Colossus of Rhodes is a giant statue of the Greek god Helios. It stands 70 cubits tall (over 30 metres or 100 feet), making it the tallest statue of the ancient world.
Roman Republic
Responding to an appeal from
Tarentum, King Pyrrhus of Epirus uses his army of over 20,000 men against the
Romans. In the
Battle of Heraclea he defeats a Roman army led by consul
Publius Valerius Laevinus. Pyrrhus's judicious use of his elephants plays a large part in his victory. Several tribes including the
Lucani,
Bruttii and the
Messapians as well as the
Greek cities of
Crotone and
Locri join Pyrrhus.
Roman commander and statesman,
Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, is sent to negotiate the ransom and exchange of prisoners. Pyrrhus is so impressed by Fabricius refusing to accept a bribe, that Pyrrhus releases the prisoners without the requirement of a ransom. Following his victory, Pyrrhus advances as far north as
Latium.
China
General Sima Cuo of the
State of Qin attacks the
State of Chu, conquering the western region of Qianzhong by marching through the region of
Bashu. This conquest makes it easier for future Qin armies to invade Chu.
Aristarchus of Samos uses the size of the Earth's shadow on the
Moon to estimate that the Moon's radius is one-third that of the Earth. He proposes, for the first time, a heliocentric view of the
Solar System, but is ignored due to the lack of evidence of the Earth's motion.
Births
Han Fei, Chinese philosopher who has developed
Xun Zi's philosophy (approximate date)
Li Si, influential prime minister (or chancellor) of the feudal state and later of the dynasty of Qin (approximate date) (d.
208 BC)
Herophilus, Alexandrian physician who has been an early performer of public dissections on human cadavers; often called the father of anatomy (b. c.
335 BC)
References
^Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Basic Annals of Qin, Section: Bai Qi.