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The 2023 vision was a set of goals released by the administration of Prime Minister (now President) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in 2010 and 2011, to coincide with the centenary of the Republic of Turkey in 2023.
Progress on economic goals
Policy | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 Target |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Top ten world economies (GDP) | 17th | 17th | 17th | 17th | 18th | 20th | 20th | 17th | 10th |
Top ten world economies (GDP PPP) | 17th | 15th | 13th | 13th | 13th | 11th | 11th | 11th | 10th |
Gross domestic product (GDP) | $0.644 trillion | $0.832 trillion | $0.934 trillion | $0.863 trillion | $0.771 trillion | $0.794 trillion | $0.853 trillion | $1.154 trillion | $2.00 trillion |
Gross domestic product (GDP PPP) | $1.13 trillion | $1.41 trillion | $1.78 trillion | $1.99 trillion | $2.30 trillion | $2.75 trillion | $3.00 trillion | $3.81 trillion | $2.00 trillion |
Per capita income (GDP) | $8,880 | $11,140 | $12,020 | $10,820 | $9,410 | $9,327 | $9,961 | $13,384 | $25,000 |
Per capita income (GDP PPP) | $15,640 | $18,910 | $22,970 | $24,980 | $28,040 | $32,278 | $38,759 | $41,888 | $25,000 |
Annual exports | $102 billion | $135 billion | $157 billion | $142 billion | $168 billion | $225.4 billion | $254 billion | $255 billion | $500 billion |
Foreign trade volume | $0,24 trillion | $0,38 trillion | $0,40 trillion | $0,34 trillion | $0,39 trillion | $0,50 trillion | $0,62 trillion | $0,62 trillion | $1,00 trillion |
Employment rate | 21.3 million | 24.1 million | 25.9 million | 27.2 million | 28.7 million | 28.8 million | 31.2 million | 34.9 million | 30 million |
Unemployment rate | 13.1% | 9.1% | 9.9% | 10.9% | 11.0% | 10.6% | 10.2% | 9,4% | 5% |
Turkey's foreign-policy objectives and vision as articulated by former Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu:
First, Turkey aims to achieve all EU membership conditions and become an influential EU member state by 2023. Second, it will continue to strive for regional integration, in the form of security and economic cooperation. Third, it will seek to play an influential role in regional conflict resolution. Fourth, it will vigorously participate in all global arenas. Fifth, it will play a determining role in international organizations and become one of the top 10 largest economies in the world. To achieve them, Turkey must make progress in all directions and in every field, take an interest in every issue related to global stability, and contribute accordingly. [4]
In 2016, President Erdoğan called for a referendum after Britain's decision on leaving the European Union.
Progress on tourism goals
Policy | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2019 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 Target |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fifth largest tourist destination | 6th | 6th | 6th | 10th | 6th | 6th | 3rd | 4th | 5th | |
Amount of tourist visitors | 27,3 million | 31,3 million | 36,8 million | 25,3 million | 45.8 million | 51.2 million | 29.9 million | 50.5 million | 50,0 million | |
Tourism revenue [8] | $25,1 billion | $28,1 billion | $34,3 billion | $22,1 billion | $29,5 billion | $42,4 billion | $24,5 billion | $41,2 billion | $50,0 billion |
On the summer of 2016, a coup d'état was attempted in Turkey against state institutions, including the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The attempt was carried out by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces that organized themselves as the Peace at Home Council. [9] They attempted to seize control of several key places in Ankara, Istanbul, and elsewhere, but failed to do so after forces loyal to the state defeated them.
During the coup, over 300 people were killed and more than 2,100 were injured. Many government buildings, including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace, were bombed from the air.[ citation needed] Mass arrests followed, with at least 40,000 detained, [10] including at least 10,000 soldiers and 2,745 judges. A significant amount of tourists cancelled their trip to Turkey.
The Turkish currency and debt crisis of 2018 was a financial crisis in Turkey. It is characterized by a plunging value of the Turkish lira, high inflation, rising borrowing costs and corresponding loan defaults.
Under the government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Turkey has been running huge and growing current account deficits, reaching $7.1 billion by January 2018, while the rolling 12-month deficit rose to $51.6 billion. [11] By the end of 2017, the corporate foreign-currency debt pile in Turkey had more than doubled since 2009, to $214 billion after netting against their foreign-exchange assets, equal to about 40 percent of economic output, with about 80 percent held by domestic banks. [12]
In 2018, the lira's exchange rate accelerated deterioration, reaching a level of US$4.5/TRY by mid-May. Among economists, the accelerating loss of value was generally attributed to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan preventing the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey from making the necessary interest rate adjustments. [13] [14] Erdogan, who claimed interest rates beyond his control to be "the mother and father of all evil", said that "the central bank can't take this independence and set aside the signals given by the president." [13]
The global COVID-19 pandemic triggered severe social and economic disruption around the world, including the largest global recession since the Great Depression. [15] Governmental interventions, including travel restrictions and lockdowns, had a major effect on the economic and tourism goals. [16] [17]
Turkey's economic policy has received significant setbacks as a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, with gasoline price rising, canceled vacation bookings and textile purchases, and worries of food shortages. [18] [19] In the previous years, Turkey received the most tourists from Russia. [20]