The championship was originally due to start in March,[2] but the start was postponed until July in response to the
COVID-19 pandemic. The season was originally due to be contested over a record of 22
Grands Prix, but as some races were cancelled and new races were added to replace them, a total of 17 races were run.[3] The season started in July with the
Austrian Grand Prix[4] and ended in December with the
Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[3] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the first eight rounds of the championship were run
behind closed doors, with the rest of the races being run at a reduced capacity or also behind closed doors due to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sebastian Vettel endured a difficult season with
Ferrari, finishing thirteenth in the standings and amassing only 33 points with one podium finish (third in Turkey). This would also be his final season with Ferrari, as he would go on to join
Aston Martin—the rebrand of
Racing Point—for the 2021 season, where he would spend two seasons before retiring from F1 at the end of
2022 season.
Entries
The following teams and drivers competed in the 2020 World Championship.[5] All teams competed with tyres supplied by
Pirelli.[6]
Teams and drivers that competed in the 2020 World Championship
Schumacher and
Callum Ilott were entered to appear in the first practice session for the
Eifel Grand Prix, driving for Alfa Romeo Racing and Haas, respectively,[28] but the session was cancelled due to bad weather conditions.[29]
Drivers that took part in free practice sessions during the 2020 World Championship
A day before the
British Grand Prix weekend,
Racing Point driver
Sergio Pérez tested positive for
COVID-19 and was ruled out of the race weekend.[34] After seeking clarification from
Public Health England, Racing Point stated that they intended to let Pérez race in the
70th Anniversary Grand Prix pending a negative coronavirus test.[35] This re-test came back positive and so Pérez was also unable to take part in the 70th Anniversary Grand Prix. He was replaced for both races by
Nico Hülkenberg, who had raced for the team's predecessor
Force India in
2012 and from
2014 to
2016, and last raced in Formula One at the
2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[36][37] Pérez had a negative coronavirus test result the week preceding the
Spanish Grand Prix weekend and he competed in the Grand Prix having been cleared by the
FIA to return.[38] Pérez's Racing Point teammate
Lance Stroll felt ill prior to the
Eifel Grand Prix and tested positive for the coronavirus on the day of the race. Hülkenberg again raced for the team.[39][20]
Twenty-two Grands Prix were originally scheduled for the 2020 World Championship.[2] However, the
COVID-19 pandemic resulted in numerous race cancellations and postponements. A rescheduled calendar consisted of seventeen Grands Prix, nine from the original 2020 calendar and eight other Grands Prix, while the other thirteen original 2020 races were cancelled. This also meant that the season started with two races in
Austria, and later on in the season there were also two races at
Silverstone Circuit along with two races at
Bahrain International Circuit. Each race is the minimum number of laps that exceeds a total distance of 305 km (189.5 mi). Under the sporting regulations, a minimum of eight races must take place for the season to be considered a championship.[47][e]
The following rounds were included on the original calendar published by the
World Motor Sport Council but were cancelled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic:
Changes from the 2019 calendar to the original 2020 calendar
After purchasing the commercial rights to the sport from
CVC Capital Partners in January 2017,
Liberty Media announced plans to expand the Formula One calendar using a concept they termed "destination races" and modelled on the
Singapore Grand Prix.[60] Under the "destination races" model, Grands Prix would be established in or near key tourist destinations and integrate racing, entertainment and social functions with the aim of making the sport more accessible and appealing to a wider audience.[peacock prose] Several countries and venues announced plans to bid for a Grand Prix,[61][62] with two bids being successful:
The
Vietnamese Grand Prix was announced as the first new race created under Liberty's management.[63] The race was given a provisional date of April 2020 and was planned to take place in the capital
Hanoi on the
Hanoi Circuit,[64] but was later cancelled.[65]
The
Dutch Grand Prix was due to be revived,[66] with the race scheduled to take place at the
Circuit Zandvoort.[67][68] The 2020 race would have marked the first time the Dutch Grand Prix has been run since
1985. However, the race was later cancelled.[69]
Liberty Media initially expected that the 2020 calendar would consist of twenty-one Grands Prix and that any new races would come at the expense of existing events, but later negotiated an agreement with the teams to allow up to twenty-two Grands Prix. Several further changes were made between the 2019 and 2020 calendars, with the
German Grand Prix discontinued and the
Mexican Grand Prix planned to be rebranded as the
Mexico City Grand Prix before it was cancelled.[70][71]
Regulation changes
Sporting regulations
Teams were allowed to use an additional
MGU-K compared to 2019 to compensate for the increased demands of contesting the originally planned twenty-two races.[72][73][clarification needed]
Drivers who participated in free practice sessions were eligible for additional
FIA Super Licence points. Any driver who completed a minimum 100 km (62 mi) during a free practice session received an additional Super Licence point on the condition that they do not commit a driving infraction. Drivers could only accrue ten Super Licence points across a three-season period from free practice sessions.[74] The rules around helmet designs were relaxed with drivers allowed to change their design as many times as they wanted between races, having previously been restricted to a base design and one permitted major design change (excluding minor alterations) since 2015.[75]
As a result of what was then planned to be an expanded calendar, the two pre-season tests which took place at
Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya were reduced in length from four days to three days each, whilst the two in-season tests that took place at
Bahrain International Circuit and Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in 2019 were discontinued. Teams were no longer allowed to hide their cars during testing.[76] The amount of time in which car mechanics were prohibited from working on the car was extended from eight to nine hours.[73]
The rules surrounding
jump starts and the
weighbridge were relaxed with the
race stewards able to hand out less severe punishments for missing the weighbridge and jump starts.[73]
Technical regulations
In order to reduce the risk of punctures, the last 50 mm (2.0 in) of the
front wing could no longer contain any metal. Brake ducts could no longer be outsourced and must be made and designed by the team. The amount of fuel that could be outside of the fuel tank was reduced from 2 litres (3.5 imp pt) to 250 millilitres (0.44 imp pt). A decrease in electronic driver aids meant that drivers were responsible for managing more of the car's torque during race starts.[73]
Mid-season changes
From the
Italian Grand Prix, drivers were only allowed to run one engine mode from the start of qualifying to the end of the race.[77] However, drivers were still allowed to use electrical power for the
powertrain throughout the race weekend.[78]
Italian-based teams
Ferrari and
AlphaTauri expressed concern about the spread of the disease and its effect on the championship.[79][80] As Italy suffered
one of the worst outbreaks of the virus, both teams were concerned about the ability of their staff to leave the quarantine zone established in northern Italy and to enter host nations. Pre-season testing in Barcelona proceeded as planned, with all teams and drivers completing the six days of testing.[81]
Ross Brawn, the managing director of the sport, announced that Grands Prix would not go ahead if a team were blocked from entering a host nation, but that events could go ahead if a team voluntarily chose not to enter a host nation.[82] In early March, organisers of the
Bahrain Grand Prix stated that the event would be "participants-only" and that no spectators would be allowed.[83]
Race postponements and cancellations
The season-opening
Australian Grand Prix was expected to go ahead and all teams and drivers arrived at the venue as planned. Three days before the race was due to take place, McLaren announced their withdrawal from the event after a team member tested positive for the virus.[84] This led to the Grand Prix being cancelled altogether the following morning.[85] Later that day, it was announced that the Bahrain Grand Prix would be postponed rather than closed to spectators, as would the inaugural Vietnamese Grand Prix.[55]
Formula One and the
FIA released a joint statement saying that they "expect to begin the Championship in Europe at the end of May" but that this timeline "will be regularly reviewed".[86] On 19 March, the FIA announced that the
Dutch,
Spanish and
Monaco Grands Prix had all been postponed indefinitely due to the pandemic. In the statement, the FIA said they now expect to begin the season "as soon as it is safe to do so after May" and that the situation would continue to be monitored.[87] The organisers of the Monaco race, Automobile Club de Monaco, clarified that the race had been cancelled. This meant that Formula One would not race in Monaco for the first time since
1954.[88] Four days later, organisers of the
Azerbaijan Grand Prix announced that the race had been postponed.[89]
In early April, organisers of the Canadian Grand Prix announced the race's postponement.[58] Later in the month, the
French Grand Prix organisers confirmed that the race would not be held in 2020,[59] and the managing director of
Silverstone Circuit stated that should the
British Grand Prix go ahead, it would be without spectators.[90] In May, organisers of the
Hungarian Grand Prix announced that their race would use the same model.[91] The sport's plans to resume competition called for a ban on team motorhomes and a rigid testing regime to stop any outbreak of the virus.[92]
The
Dutch Grand Prix was cancelled entirely in late May, with organisers of the event stating that they would prefer to host the revived race with spectators in attendance in 2021 rather than without spectators in 2020.[69] Formula One confirmed the cancellation of the
Azerbaijan,
Singapore and
Japanese Grands Prix in June.[93] Organisers of the Azerbaijan and Singapore races cited the difficulty of assembling the infrastructure required for a
street circuit as the reason for their cancellation, while the Japanese Grand Prix was cancelled because of the Japanese government's travel restrictions. In July the
Brazilian,
Canadian,
Mexico City and
United States Grands Prix were formally cancelled amidst rising virus cases and travel restrictions in
the Americas.[94] However, organisers of the Brazilian Grand Prix disputed the claims of
Formula One Management and were unhappy with their race being cancelled without further consultation.[95] In August the cancellation of the
Chinese Grand Prix was announced,[96] followed, in October, by the cancellation of the inaugural
Vietnamese Grand Prix.[65]
The annual summer break, where factories shut down for two weeks, was brought forward from August to March and April. Teams nominated a three-week period to close with the aim of making room for races later in the year.[97] At the end of March, it was announced that for the first time the factory shut-down would additionally apply to power unit manufacturers.[98][99] The factory shut-down period was later extended to a total of nine weeks for competitors and seven weeks for power unit manufacturers.[100][101]
Rescheduled calendar
In March, teams agreed that the 2020 Championship could run into early 2021 to ensure the running of as many races as possible. Such a move would also ensure that eight Grands Prix could be held, over three different continents, thereby meeting the minimum number of races needed for the season to qualify as a World Championship.[102][103][104]
In early April, Ross Brawn suggested that a rescheduled calendar of 18 or 19 races would be possible should racing begin in July, and that the opening round "is most likely to be in Europe", potentially without spectators.[105] He also raised the possibility of Grand Prix events being reduced to two days in order to ease pressure on logistical operations.[105] However,
Alfa Romeo Racing managing director
Frédéric Vasseur cautioned that a condensed calendar could escalate the costs of competing and put smaller teams at risk of financial collapse.[106] This was reiterated by other teams[who?], who pointed out that the race sanctioning fees paid by event organisers contributed to the prize money awarded to all teams at the end of the year. This money is awarded proportionally based on the teams' World Constructors' Championship positions and forms a significant part of a team's budget for the upcoming year. With fewer races and the prize structure remaining fixed, teams were concerned that they would suffer a significant financial loss.[107]
In a statement in late April, Formula One
CEOChase Carey declared the intention to begin the season on 5 July and a target to hold between 15 and 18 races overall.[108] In June, the first eight races of a rescheduled calendar were confirmed, with the season expected to begin on 5 July with the
Austrian Grand Prix. This revised calendar included two newly named one-off events—both second races at the
Red Bull Ring and
Silverstone—known as the
Styrian and the
70th Anniversary Grands Prix, respectively.[50] Ross Brawn announced that the eight-round calendar was expected to grow and that the sport was considering races at venues that were not on the original calendar or using multiple configurations of existing circuits to achieve the goal of fifteen Grands Prix.[109]
On 10 July, the
Russian Grand Prix was re-added to the calendar on its originally scheduled date, and the first
Tuscan Grand Prix was announced at the
Mugello Circuit, the first time the circuit would host a Formula One World Championship race.[110] Later in July, the return of the
Nürburgring[l] and the
Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari in
Imola to the calendar was revealed, along with the debut of the
Algarve International Circuit. These races were named the
Eifel and
Emilia Romagna Grands Prix, respectively, with the return of the
Portuguese Grand Prix for the first time since the
1996 season. The Emilia Romagna Grand Prix took place over a shortened two-day weekend, with a single 90 minute practice session taking place on Saturday morning.[111][112] This marks the first race at the
Nürburgring since
2013 and at
Imola since
2006, and also the first time that a country (Italy), hosts three Grands Prix since the
1982 season.[113][m]
In August, it was announced that Formula One would return to
Istanbul Park for the first
Turkish Grand Prix since the
2011 season, together with the debut of the
Sakhir Grand Prix, to be held at the
Bahrain International Circuit, using the configuration of the track called "Outer Circuit". They join the rescheduled
Bahrain and
Abu Dhabi Grands Prix as the final four races of the season, bringing the calendar to seventeen races.[114][115]
Of the races and dates on the original calendar, only four races, the
Austrian,
Belgian,
Italian and
Russian Grands Prix kept their original dates.
Regulatory changes
The pandemic required changes to the format of a race weekend, which included abandoning the drivers' parade and pre-race assembly for the host venue's national anthem. A modified podium ceremony was planned for after races.[116] The FIA introduced limits to the number of team personnel who could be on the starting grid to prepare cars and changed the cut-off times for cars to leave pit lane to minimise the amount of time team personnel spent on the grid.[117] Tyre supplier
Pirelli was also required to provide an identical allocation of tyre compounds to all teams and drivers. Where Pirelli were previously required to announce compounds for a race several weeks in advance, this window was reduced to two weeks, allowing them to respond to anticipated changes to the calendar.[117]
Solidarity campaign
In June, Formula One launched the We Race As One initiative to fight racism, global inequity and the impact of COVID-19. The initiative used a rainbow logo, with the colours of all ten Formula One teams, also with the #WeRaceAsOne hashtag, and featured prominent We Race As One branding on vehicles (including the safety car) and signage on track. Formula One and several teams launched projects or fundraising efforts in support of the initiative.[118][119]
Protests against car legality
Mercedes
Ahead of the season opening
Austrian Grand Prix,
Red Bull launched a protest against the
Mercedes F1 W11's dual axis steering, a system where the driver can adjust the
toe of the car by pulling and pushing on the steering wheel. The system was found to be legal for 2020, but it would be banned by the FIA from 2021 onward.[120]
Racing Point
After the
Styrian Grand Prix,
Renault launched a protest against the brake ducts of
Racing Point's car, the
RP20, alleging that Racing Point had copied the brake ducts from the
Mercedes F1 W10, the car used in 2019 by
Mercedes. Similar protests would be launched after the
Hungarian and
British Grands Prix with the verdict being published between the British and
70th Anniversary Grands Prix. The ruling concluded that
Racing Point had illegally copied the brake ducts of the Mercedes F1 W10 and Racing Point were subsequently penalised by 15 Constructors' Championship points and fined
€400,000.[121]
Racing Point,
Ferrari,
McLaren, Renault and
Williams had all indicated an intention to appeal the stewards decision with Racing Point trying to clear their name and Ferrari, McLaren, Williams and Renault appealing for a tougher sanction.[122] Ferrari, Renault and Racing Point confirmed their appeal, while Williams and McLaren pulled out of the appeal.[123][124] Later, Renault announced their decision to withdraw the appeal against the penalty handed out to Racing Point.[125] The same decision was made by Racing Point and Ferrari before and after the
Italian Grand Prix, respectively.[126][127]
Season summary
Opening rounds
The delayed season started with the
Austrian Grand Prix.
Valtteri Bottas, driving for
Mercedes, took
pole position, ahead of his teammate
Lewis Hamilton and
Red Bull's
Max Verstappen; however, Hamilton was given a three-place grid penalty, since he did not slow sufficiently when yellow flags were waved following a small mistake by Bottas. This promoted Verstappen to second,
McLaren driver
Lando Norris to third, and
Alexander Albon to fourth. In an eventful race, featuring three safety car periods and the retirements of nine drivers, Bottas won, ahead of the
Ferrari of
Charles Leclerc and Norris. Hamilton crossed the line in second place, but received a five-second time penalty after a collision with Albon, who soon retired; after the penalty was applied, Hamilton finished fourth, ahead of
Carlos Sainz Jr.,
Sergio Pérez and
Pierre Gasly.[128]
The inaugural
Styrian Grand Prix was won by Hamilton ahead of Bottas and Verstappen.[129] The
Hungarian Grand Prix started with a slippery track. Verstappen slid into the barrier on his way to the grid and broke his steering axis, but his mechanics managed to repair the car before the race start. The race winner was Hamilton, with Verstappen in second and Bottas in third place.[130]
Hamilton won the
British Grand Prix despite his left-front tyre delaminating in the middle of the last lap. Verstappen finished second with Leclerc in third.[131] Bottas had a puncture which resulted in him finishing in eleventh.
Daniil Kvyat had a puncture at high speed entering Maggotts corner which resulted in a big crash with a safety car, and Sainz Jr. finished 13th after a puncture made him fall from what would have been 4th place. In the
70th Anniversary Grand Prix, Verstappen won with Hamilton second and Bottas third. This was the first non-Mercedes win of the season.[132] The
Spanish Grand Prix was won by Hamilton with Verstappen in second and Bottas in third.[133]
The
Belgian Grand Prix was won by
Lewis Hamilton, who led every lap and won by 8 seconds over teammate
Valtteri Bottas who finished second ahead of
Max Verstappen.
Daniel Ricciardo finished fourth, setting the fastest lap on the last lap. On lap 11,
Antonio Giovinazzi crashed at Campus corner; one of the wheels of his car came loose and hit the front right suspension of
George Russell’s car, causing both drivers to retire from the race. This brought out the safety car for three laps.
Renault achieved a finish of P4 and P5, equalling their best result since their return to the sport in 2016.[134]
The inaugural
Tuscan Grand Prix, Ferrari's 1000th Grand Prix start, resulted in Hamilton's sixth race win of the season, and Mercedes's third 1–2 finish. Bottas overtook Hamilton into turn one before a major collision at turn two caused the retirement of both Verstappen (who had fallen from 3rd to 14th due to a power issue) and Gasly. This brought out the safety car for 8 laps to allow for the debris to be cleared. At the end of the safety car period, a major misunderstanding in the upper midfield led to a large collision down the pit straight, causing the retirement of
Nicholas Latifi,
Kevin Magnussen, Giovinazzi and Sainz Jr., and a red flag period. At the first restart, Hamilton overtook Bottas and led the race from there onwards. On lap 42, Ricciardo looked poised for his first podium since the
2018 Monaco Grand Prix when Stroll's
Racing Point spun off the track due to a
puncture, causing the second red flag of the race. This was the first time since the
2016 Brazilian Grand Prix that there were two red flag periods in one race. At the second restart, Hamilton maintained his lead to win the race.
Red Bull's
Alexander Albon overtook Ricciardo in the closing laps, earning his first ever podium and the first podium for a
Thai driver in Formula One.[136]
At the
Russian Grand Prix, Hamilton started on pole, but two separate five-second penalties for practice starts outside the designated area meant he finished third; teammate Bottas won the Grand Prix with Verstappen in second.[137]
At the inaugural
Eifel Grand Prix, five cars retired in the forms of Russell,
Esteban Ocon, Albon,
Lando Norris and Bottas, who had started from pole. Hamilton took first place after Bottas locked up into turn 1 on lap 13. Hamilton would go on to win the race, his 7th win this season. Ricciardo claimed his first podium for Renault, finishing the race in third. The race also saw Räikkönen pass the
record for most race starts.[138]
At the
Portuguese Grand Prix, Hamilton took his 92nd win, taking the record for most wins that had been held by
Michael Schumacher. Bottas would finish second in the race, twenty-five seconds behind his teammate, with Verstappen finishing third.[139]
At the
Bahrain Grand Prix, Hamilton claimed his 11th win of the year, followed by Verstappen and
Alexander Albon in second and third. The race was marred by a serious accident involving
Haas driver
Romain Grosjean, who hit a barrier at the start of the race after making contact with the
AlphaTauri of
Daniil Kvyat. Grosjean's car broke in two and burst into flames as it split the barrier. Numerous safety features allowed him to escape the crash[143] with only burns to the hands, though they would prove severe enough to exclude him from the remainder of the season, it would be Grosjean's final race with Haas after over 9 years in Formula One.[144][145] Pérez surrendered third place after an engine failure, putting him out of the race, whilst teammate Stroll flipped at the restart after contact with Kvyat.[146]
Hamilton was ruled out of the
Sakhir Grand Prix after testing positive for the
coronavirus and was replaced by Williams'
George Russell. Russell impressed by taking the lead from new teammate and pole-sitter Bottas and led for 59 laps, before being taken out of contention by first a tyre mix-up by Mercedes and then a late-race puncture, eventually finishing 9th. Despite being dropped to last position through a lap 1 collision with Leclerc and Verstappen, Pérez took his first race victory, followed by
Esteban Ocon taking his first podium finish in 2nd and Stroll finishing 3rd.[147] With his win, Pérez took the record for the most race starts before a first victory, with 190 race starts, beating
Mark Webber's record of 130 starts before his win at the
2009 German Grand Prix.[148]
At the
Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Hamilton returned for the last race of the season after testing negative for the coronavirus. Verstappen took the pole position and his 10th win in Formula One ahead of Bottas and Hamilton, who finished second and third, respectively. This race was the last for Vettel at
Ferrari, after six years, and Pérez at
Racing Point, after two years at Racing Point and five at their indirect predecessor,
Force India.[149] Ferrari finished sixth in the World Constructors' Championship, their worst championship result since
1980 when they finished tenth.[150]
Points were awarded to the top ten classified drivers and the driver who set the fastest lap. The driver with the fastest lap had to be within the top 10 to receive the point. In the case of a tie on points a countback system was used where the driver with the best results is ranked higher, if the best result was identical then the next best result was considered. The points were awarded for every race using the following system:[152]
† – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.
The standings are sorted by best result, rows are not related to the drivers. In case of tie on points, the best positions achieved determined the outcome.
^Racing Point F1 Team used Mercedes-AMG F1 M11 power units. For sponsorship purposes, these engines were rebadged as "
BWT Mercedes".[19]
^When Hülkenberg raced for
Racing Point for the
2020 Eifel Grand Prix, he drove the car that was previously entered for
Lance Stroll, rather than the car he had driven in the fourth and fifth rounds.
^Stroll was entered into the
2020 Eifel Grand Prix, but later withdrew after feeling unwell and testing positive for the
coronavirus on the day of the race.[20]
^Under the FIA's International Sporting Code, a season must contest races across three continents to be considered a World Championship.[48][49]
^The Hungarian Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 2 August, but was rescheduled due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, replacing the British Grand Prix race date.
^The British Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 19 July, but was rescheduled due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, replacing the Hungarian Grand Prix race date.
^The Spanish Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 10 May, but was rescheduled due to the
COVID-19 pandemic.
^The Bahrain Grand Prix was run using the traditional layout called the "Grand Prix Circuit", while the Sakhir Grand Prix was run using a different layout called the "Outer Circuit".
^The Bahrain Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 22 March, but was rescheduled due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, replacing the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix race date.
^The Abu Dhabi Grand Prix was originally due to take place on 29 November, but was rescheduled due to the
COVID-19 pandemic.
^All Formula One Grands Prix held at the Nürburgring since
1984 have used the 5-kilometre-long (3.1 mi) GP-Strecke and not the 21-kilometre-long (13 mi) Nordschleife, which was last used by Formula One in
1976.
^Racing Point drivers scored 210 points, but the constructor was deducted 15 points after a protest from
Renault was upheld regarding the legality of
their car.[154]
"2020 Italian Grand Prix – Entry List"(PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 3 September 2020.
Archived(PDF) from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
"2020 Tuscan Grand Prix – Entry List"(PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 10 September 2020.
Archived(PDF) from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
"2020 Russian Grand Prix – Entry List"(PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 24 September 2020.
Archived(PDF) from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
"2020 Eifel Grand Prix – Entry List"(PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 8 October 2020.
Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
"2020 Turkish Grand Prix – Entry List"(PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 12 November 2020.
Archived(PDF) from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
"2020 Bahrain Grand Prix – Entry List"(PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 26 November 2020.
Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
"2020 Sakhir Grand Prix – Entry List"(PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 3 December 2020.
Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.