1st Politburo may refer to:

• 1st Central Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party
• 1st Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba, 1975–1980
• 1st Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania
• 1st Politburo of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
• 1st Politburo of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, 1946–1947
• 1st Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party, 1948–1954
• 1st Politburo of the Romanian Communist Party, 1921–1922
• 1st Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, 1955–1972
• 1st Standing Committee of the Indochinese Communist Party, 1935–1951
• 1st Politburo of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, 1919–1920
• 1st Politburo of the Hungarian Communist Party, 1919–1930
• 1st Political Committee of the Workers' Party of North Korea, 1946–1948
• 1st Political Committee of the Workers' Party of South Korea, 1946–1949

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title 1st Politburo.
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