1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash

VX770 in flight
Accident
Date	20 September 1958 (1958-09-20)
Summary	Structural failure
Site	RAF Syerston, Nottinghamshire 53°1′22.49″N 0°54′45.51″W / 53.0229139°N 0.9126417°W / 53.0229139; -0.9126417
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Avro Vulcan (prototype)
Operator	Rolls-Royce Limited
Registration	VX770
Flight origin	Hucknall airfield
Destination	Hucknall airfield
Passengers	0
Crew	4
Fatalities	4
Injuries	0
Survivors	0
Ground casualties
Ground fatalities	3
Ground injuries	3

The 1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash was an aviation accident that occurred in England on 20 September 1958 during an air show at RAF Syerston, Nottinghamshire when a prototype Avro Vulcan bomber crashed. All four crew on board and three people on the ground were killed. ^[1]

Flight

VX770 was the first prototype Vulcan. It had first flown with Avon engines, and had later been fitted with Sapphires. More recently, it had been fitted with Rolls-Royce Conway engines; on the day of the accident it was flying from the Rolls-Royce airfield at Hucknall to test the Conways. The four crew on board included a flight test engineer from Avro. During the course of the test-flight VX770 diverted to RAF Syerston to participate in the Battle of Britain day air show. ^[2]

Accident

The Vulcan flew along runway 07 then started a rolling climb to starboard. During this manoeuvre the starboard wing disintegrated, resulting in a collapse of the main spar and wing structure. ^[3] The Vulcan went into a dive with the starboard wing on fire and struck the ground. Three occupants of a controllers' caravan were killed by debris; all four of the Vulcan crew were also killed. Three servicemen who were in an ambulance were injured by debris from the crash. ^[1]

Cause

The official primary cause for the accident was a gross structural failure of the aircraft's main spar, which was confirmed by amateur footage, photographs and eyewitness accounts. The reason for the failure was not determined by the Board of Inquiry (BoI), but it was suggested by an accident investigator called in by Rolls-Royce ^[4] that the main cause was that the pilot, upon performing the planned aerobatic display, exceeded the prototype's briefed speed and turning rate limits. ^[1] The accident investigator submitted a statement ^[5] to the BoI, but did not give evidence under oath. The BoI was apparently not informed that the aircraft manufacturer considered the basis for the statement to be invalid. ^[6] The Technical Officer of the Board of Inquiry identified a suspected fatigue failure of the inboard arm of the front bottom wing attachment main forging, and suggested vibration from the high airflow volumes required by the RR Conway 11 engines as a possible cause. ^[7] The Royal Aircraft Establishment carried out a structural analysis of the wreckage and produced a report on 21 April 1960, ^[8] but no copy has been found in the public record. Avro's then chief test pilot, Tony Blackman, has argued that the aircraft had probably suffered undetected damage during earlier flights during which the aircraft had reportedly been 'unofficially' rolled and looped by Rolls-Royce test pilot(s), and that the maintenance crew did not carry out an inspection for potential issues with stress damage to the aircraft's leading edges and nose ribs known to the manufacturer which had been observed in another prototype he had flown earlier. Avro reportedly inspected for damage using an exceptionally small technician after each aerobatic flight, Rolls may not have been aware of this practice. ^[9]

Notes

Bibliography

External links

• Witness recalls the day a Vulcan bomber crashed at an airshow in Nottinghamshire, killing 7 people, 5 July 2020
• "Anniversary of Vulcan crash" BBC News, 19 September 2008.
• Aviation Safety Network accident report