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List of events
Events from the year 1865 in the United States . The
American Civil War
ends with the surrender of the
Confederate States , beginning the
Reconstruction era of U.S. history.
Incumbents
Governors and
lieutenant governors
Governors
Governor of Alabama :
Governor of Arkansas :
Harris Flanagin (
Democratic ) (until May 26),
Isaac Murphy (
Democratic ) (starting May 26)
Governor of California :
Frederick Low (
Republican )
Governor of Connecticut :
William A. Buckingham (
Republican )
Governor of Delaware :
William Cannon (
Republican ) (until March 1),
Gove Saulsbury (
Democratic ) (starting March 1)
Governor of Florida :
Governor of Georgia :
Governor of Illinois :
Richard Yates (
Republican ) (until January 16),
Richard J. Oglesby (
Republican ) (starting January 16)
Governor of Indiana :
Oliver P. Morton (
Republican )
Governor of Iowa :
William M. Stone (
Republican )
Governor of Kansas :
Thomas Carney (
Republican ) (until January 9),
Samuel J. Crawford (
Republican ) (starting January 9)
Governor of Kentucky :
Thomas E. Bramlette (
Democratic )
Governor of Louisiana :
Henry Watkins Allen (
Democratic ) (until June 2),
James Madison Wells (
Republican ) (starting March 4)
Governor of Maine :
Samuel Cony (
Republican )
Governor of Maryland :
Augustus Bradford (
Unionist )
Governor of Massachusetts :
John Albion Andrew (
Republican )
Governor of Michigan :
Austin Blair (
Republican ) (until January 3),
Henry H. Crapo (
Republican ) (starting January 3)
Governor of Minnesota :
Stephen Miller (
Republican )
Governor of Mississippi :
Governor of Missouri :
William Preble Hall (
Republican ) (until January 2),
Thomas Clement Fletcher (
Republican ) (starting January 2)
Governor of Nevada :
Henry G. Blasdel (
Republican )
Governor of New Hampshire :
Joseph A. Gilmore (
Republican ) (until June 3),
Frederick Smyth (
Republican ) (starting June 3)
Governor of New Jersey :
Joel Parker (
Democratic )
Governor of New York :
Reuben Fenton (
Republican ) (starting January 1)
Governor of North Carolina :
Governor of Ohio :
John Brough (
Republican ) (until August 29),
Charles Anderson (
Republican ) (starting August 29)
Governor of Oregon :
A. C. Gibbs (
Republican )
Governor of Pennsylvania :
Andrew Gregg Curtin (
Republican )
Governor of Rhode Island :
James Y. Smith (
Republican )
Governor of South Carolina :
Governor of Tennessee :
Governor of Texas :
Pendleton Murrah (
Democratic ) (until June 17),
Andrew J. Hamilton (
Democratic ) (starting June 17)
Governor of Vermont :
J. Gregory Smith (
Republican ) (until October 13),
Paul Dillingham (
Republican ) (starting October 13)
Governor of Virginia :
William Smith (
Democratic ) (until May 9),
Francis Harrison Pierpont (
Republican ) (starting May 9)
Governor of West Virginia :
Arthur I. Boreman (
Republican )
Governor of Wisconsin :
James T. Lewis (
Republican )
Lieutenant governors
Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas :
Calvin C. Bliss (
Republican )
Lieutenant Governor of California :
Tim N. Machin (
Republican )
Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut :
Roger Averill (
Republican )
Lieutenant Governor of Florida :
William W. J. Kelly (
Republican ) (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Illinois :
Francis Hoffmann (
Republican ) (until January 14),
William Bross (
Republican ) (starting January 14)
Lieutenant Governor of Indiana :
Paris C. Dunning (
Democratic ) (until January 9),
Conrad Baker (
Republican ) (starting January 9)
Lieutenant Governor of Iowa :
Enoch W. Eastman (
Republican )
Lieutenant Governor of Kansas :
Thomas Andrew Osborn (
Republican ) (until January 9),
James McGrew (
Republican ) (starting January 9)
Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky : vacant
Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana :
Benjamin W. Pearce (
Democratic ) (until March 4),
Albert Voorhies (
Republican ) (starting March 4)
Lieutenant Governor of Maryland :
Christopher C. Cox (Unionist)
Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts :
Joel Hayden (political party unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Michigan :
Charles S. May (
Republican ) (until month and day unknown),
Ebenezer O. Grosvenor (
Republican ) (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota :
Charles D. Sherwood (
Republican )
Lieutenant Governor of Missouri : vacant (until January 2),
George Smith (
Republican ) (starting January 2)
Lieutenant Governor of Nevada : John S. Crosman (political party unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of New York :
Thomas G. Alvord (
Republican ) (starting January 1)
Lieutenant Governor of Ohio :
Charles Anderson (
Republican ) (until August 29), vacant (starting August 29)
Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island :
Seth Padelford (
Republican ) (until month and day unknown),
Duncan Pell (political party unknown) (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina :
until May 25:
Robert McCaw (
Democratic )
May 25-November 30: vacant
starting November 30: W. D. Porter (no political party)
Lieutenant Governor of Texas :
Fletcher Stockdale (
Democratic ) (until June 17), vacant (starting June 17)
Lieutenant Governor of Vermont :
Paul Dillingham (
Republican ) (until October 13),
Abraham B. Gardner (
Republican ) (starting October 13)
Lieutenant Governor of Virginia :
Samuel Price (
Democratic ) (until month and day unknown),
Leopold Copeland Parker Cowper (
Whig ) (starting month and day unknown)
Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin :
Wyman Spooner (
Republican )
Events
February 17:
Columbia, South Carolina burns
March 4:
Andrew Johnson becomes the 16th U.S. vice president
January–March
January 13 –
American Civil War : The
Second Battle of Fort Fisher begins when United States forces launch a major amphibious assault against the
Confederate stronghold of
Fort Fisher ,
North Carolina .
January 15 –
American Civil War : United States forces capture Fort Fisher.
January 27 –
American Civil War : Troop-transport
steamship Eclipse explodes, killing 38.
[1]
January 31 –
American Civil War : Confederate General
Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
February 17 –
American Civil War :
Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.
February 22 –
Tennessee adopts a new
constitution that abolishes
slavery .
March 3 – The
U.S. Congress authorizes formation of the
Freedmen's Bureau .
March 4 – President
Abraham Lincoln begins his second term.
Andrew Johnson is sworn in as
Vice President of the United States .
March 13 –
American Civil War : The
Confederate States of America agrees to the use of
African American troops.
March 18 –
American Civil War : The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
March 19 –
American Civil War : The
Battle of Bentonville begins; by the end of the battle on March 21 the Confederate forces retreat from
Four Oaks, North Carolina .
March 21 – The University of Kansas was founded when the Board of Regents held its first meeting.
March 25
American Civil War : In
Virginia , Confederate forces capture
Fort Stedman from the Union. Lee's army suffers heavy casualties during the
Battle of Fort Stedman —about 2,900, including 1,000 captured in the Union counterattack. Confederate positions are weakened. After the battle, Lee's defeat is only a matter of time.
The "Claywater
Meteorite " explodes just before reaching ground level in
Vernon County, Wisconsin ; fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 kg are recovered.
April–June
Fires in Richmond, Virginia, burn out of control in the largely abandoned city after Evacuation Sunday (April 2)
April 9:
Robert E. Lee surrenders
April 14 :
Lincoln assassinated
April 15:
Johnson succeeds Lincoln as the 17th U.S. president
Oath to defend the Constitution of the United States and, among other promises, to "abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the . . . rebellion having reference to slaves . . . ," signed by
Samuel M. Kennard on June 27, 1865
[2]
April 1 –
American Civil War :
Battle of Five Forks – In
Petersburg, Virginia ,
Confederate General
Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
April 2 – American Civil War: "Evacuation Sunday" – Confederate President
Jefferson Davis and most of his cabinet flee the Confederate capital of
Richmond, Virginia , which is taken by Union troops the next day.
April 3 – American Civil War: Richmond is captured by Union forces under General
Ulysses S. Grant .
April 9 – American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Grant at
Appomattox Court House , effectively ending the Civil War.
April 14 (
Good Friday )
April 15 – President Lincoln dies of his gunshot wound early this morning and Vice President
Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th
president of the United States .
April 18 – Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his entire cabinet arrive in
Charlotte with a contingent of 1,000 soldiers.
April 26
April 27
April 28 –
University Club of New York incorporated.
May 4 –
American Civil War : Lieutenant General
Richard Taylor , commanding all Confederate forces in
Alabama ,
Mississippi , and eastern
Louisiana , surrenders his forces to Union General
Edward Canby at
Citronelle, Alabama , effectively ending all Confederate resistance east of the Mississippi.
May 5
May 10
May 12–13 – American Civil War:
Battle of Palmito Ranch – In far south
Texas , more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the Civil War with casualties ends with a Confederate victory.
May 23 –
Grand Review of the Armies :
Union Army troops parade down
Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.) to celebrate the end of the Civil War.
May 25 –
Mobile magazine explosion : 300 are killed in
Mobile, Alabama when an ordnance depot explodes.
May 26 – Indigenous tribes who have supported the Confederate States of America hold the
Camp Napoleon Council in
Indian Territory (modern-day
Oklahoma ).
June 2 – American Civil War: Confederate forces west of the Mississippi under General
Edmund Kirby Smith surrender at
Galveston, Texas under terms negotiated on May 26, becoming the last to do so.
June 19 – American Civil War: Union Major General
Gordon Granger lands at Galveston and informs the people of
Texas of the
Emancipation Proclamation (an event celebrated in modern times each year as
Juneteenth ).
June 23 – American Civil War: At
Fort Towson in Indian Territory, Confederate General
Stand Watie , a
Cherokee Indian , surrenders the last significant Confederate
army .
April 27:
Sultana burns
"A Terrible List", Liverpool Mercury, November 17, 1865
July–September
July 5 – The
U.S. Secret Service is founded.
July 6 –
The Nation political magazine begins publication.
July 7 – Following the
assassination of Abraham Lincoln on April 14, the 4 conspirators condemned to death during the trial are
hanged :
David Herold ,
George Atzerodt ,
Lewis Powell and
Mary Surratt . Her son,
John Surratt , escapes execution by fleeing to
Canada , and ultimately to
Egypt . She is the first woman executed by federal authorities, and the last until
1953 .
July 21 –
Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout : In the market square of
Springfield, Missouri ,
Wild Bill Hickok shoots
Little Dave Tutt dead over a
poker debt in what is regarded as the first true western "
fast draw " showdown.
July 30 – The paddle steamer
Brother Jonathan sinks off the California coast, killing 225.
September 26 –
Champ Ferguson becomes the first of two combatants to be convicted of
war crimes for actions taken during the
American Civil War , found guilty by a U.S. Army tribunal on 23 charges arising from the murder of 53 people as a Confederate
guerilla . He is hanged on October 20, two days after the conviction of
Henry Wirz .
[3]
October–December
July 30:
Brother Jonathan sinks
September 8–21 –
Fort Smith Council between U. S. and Native American tribes that had supported the Confederated States of America regarding
Reconstruction Treaties .
October 8 – The 6.3 Mla
Santa Cruz Mountains earthquake shakes the
Central Coast and
San Francisco Bay Area of California with a maximum
Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe ), causing $500,000 in damage.
October 25 – The paddlewheel steamer
SS Republic sinks off the
Georgia coast, with a cargo of $400,000 in coins.
November 6 – American Civil War: Surrender to the British at
Liverpool of the commerce raider
CSS Shenandoah (Captain
James Waddell ), the last significant organized Confederate unit.
November 10 – Captain
Henry Wirz , Confederate superintendent of
Andersonville Prison (Camp Sumter) is
hanged , becoming the second of two combatants, and only serving regular soldier, to be
executed for
war crimes committed during the
American Civil War .
November 18 –
Mark Twain 's story "
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County " is published in the New York weekly
The Saturday Press in its original version as "Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog".
December 11 – The
U.S. Congress creates the
House Appropriations Committee and the Committee on Banking and Commerce, reducing the tasks of the
Committee on Ways and Means .
December 18 – The
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime) is declared ratified by three-quarters of the states of the United States.
December 21 – The
Kappa Alpha Order , a social
fraternity , is founded at
Washington and Lee University .
December 24 – The
Ku Klux Klan is formed by six
Confederate Army veterans, with support of the Democratic Party, in
Pulaski, Tennessee , to resist
Reconstruction and intimidate "
carpetbaggers " and "
scalawags ", as well as to repress the freed
slaves .
Undated
Ongoing
Births
Warren G. Harding
January 5 –
Johnson N. Camden Jr. , U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1914 to 1915 (died
1942 )
January 10 –
Mary Ingalls , blind older sister of author
Laura Ingalls Wilder (died
1928 )
January 11 –
Willie Franklin Pruitt , poet and activist (died
1947 )
January 28 –
Verina Morton Jones , African American physician, suffragist and clubwoman (died
1943 )
February 1 –
Henry Luke Bolley , plant pathologist (died
1956 )
March 19 –
William Morton Wheeler , entomologist (died
1937 )
March 31 –
Georgiana Simpson , African American philologist (died
1944 )
April 6 –
Victory Bateman , stage and silent screen actress (died
1926 )
April 28 –
Charles W. Woodworth , entomologist (died
1940 )
May 2 –
Clyde Fitch , dramatist (died
1909 )
May 3 –
Henry Francis Bryan , governor of
American Samoa (died
1944 )
May 5 –
Helen Maud Merrill , litterateur and poet (died
1943 )
May 25 –
John Mott , YMCA leader, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (died
1955 )
May 26 –
Robert W. Chambers , artist (died
1933 )
June 5 –
Charles Stanton Ogle , actor (died
1940 )
June 25 –
Robert Henri , painter, leader of the
Ash Can School (died
1929 )
June 28 –
Alice May Douglas , author (died
1943 )
June 29 –
William Borah , U.S. Senator from Idaho from 1907 to 1940 (died
1940 )
July 14 –
Arthur Capper , U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1919 to 1949 (died
1951 )
August 2 –
Irving Babbitt , literary critic (died
1933 )
August 27
September 24 –
Mollie McConnell , actress (died
1920 )
September 27 –
Ezra Fitch , businessman, co-founder of
Abercrombie & Fitch (died
1930 )
October 14 –
Mary Margaret O'Reilly , Assistant Director of the
United States Mint (died
1949 )
October 15 –
Charles W. Clark , baritone (died
1925 )
October 17 –
James Rudolph Garfield , politician (died
1950 )
October 22 –
Raymond Hitchcock , actor (died
1929 )
October 26 –
Benjamin Guggenheim , businessman (died
1912 )
November 2 –
Warren G. Harding , 29th
president of the United States from 1921 until 1923 (died
1923 )
December 6 –
Victor Blue , admiral (died
1928 )
December 19 –
Minnie Maddern Fiske , stage actress (died
1932 )
December 20 –
Elsie de Wolfe , socialite and interior decorator (died
1950 )
December 25 –
Fay Templeton , singer and actress (died
1939 )
Deaths
March 10 –
Amy Spain , slave, hanged (born c.1848)
April 2 –
A. P. Hill ,
Confederate general killed in the
American Civil War (born
1825 )
April 15 –
Abraham Lincoln , 16th president of the United States from 1861 to 1865 (born
1809 )
April 26 –
John Wilkes Booth , actor and
assassin of Abraham Lincoln (born
1838 )
May 20 –
William K. Sebastian , U.S. Senator from Arkansas from 1848 to 1861 (born
1812 )
May 21 –
Jeremiah Clemens , U.S. Senator from Alabama from 1849 to 1853 (born
1814 )
July 6 –
William Quantrill , Confederate leader during the
American Civil War (born
1837 )
June 10 – Mrs
Lydia Sigourney , the "Sweet Singer of Hartford", poet (born
1791 )
June 23 –
Samuel Francis Du Pont ,
rear admiral (born
1803 )
July 7
August 25 –
John Drew , Cherokee Confederate colonel of the First Mounted Cherokee Regiment (born 1796 in the
Cherokee Nation East )
November 29 –
Isaac A. Van Amburgh , animal trainer (born
1811 )
December 16 –
Philip Allen , U.S. Senator from Rhode Island from 1853 to 1859 (born
1785 )
See also
Further reading
References
External links