From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Overview of the events of 1864 in science
The year 1864 in
science and
technology included many events, some of which are listed here.
Astronomy
Botany
Chemistry
Conservation
Mathematics
Physics
Technology
February 17 – In the
American Civil War , the tiny
Confederate hand-propelled
submarine
H. L. Hunley sinks the
USS Housatonic using a
spar torpedo in
Charleston Harbor , becoming the first submarine to sink an enemy ship (although the submarine and her crew of eight are also lost).
[14]
December 8 – The
Clifton Suspension Bridge across the
Bristol Avon in
England , designed by
Isambard Kingdom Brunel and completed as a memorial to him, opens to traffic.
[15]
Oriel Chambers ,
Liverpool , England, the world's first metal-framed glass
curtain walled building, designed by
Peter Ellis (architect) , is built.
[16]
Nicolaus Otto and
Eugen Langen produce a free piston gas atmospheric engine.
Henry Roscoe and
Robert Bunsen carry out what is reputed to be the first
flashlight photography , using
magnesium as a light source.
[17]
Possible date –
Siegfried Marcus builds the first motorized cart, in Vienna.
Zoology
Awards
Births
January (prob. date) –
George Washington Carver (died
1943 ),
African American agricultural
botanist .
January 13 –
Wilhelm Wien (died
1928 ),
German
physicist .
March 12 –
W. H. R. Rivers (died
1922 ),
English
psychiatrist .
March 15 –
Carl Edvard Johansson (died
1943 ),
Swedish
metrologist .
April 21 –
Max Weber (died
1920 ), German
sociologist .
June 14 –
Alois Alzheimer (died
1915 ), German
neuroscientist .
June 25 –
Walther Nernst (died
1941 ), German
chemist .
June 22 –
Hermann Minkowski (died
1909 ), Lithuanian-German
mathematician .
September 8 (O.S. August 27) –
Jakob Johann von Uexküll (died
1944 ), Baltic German pioneer of
biosemiotics .
[19]
December 1 –
Carsten Borchgrevink (died
1934 ),
Norwegian
Antarctic explorer.
Deaths
References
^
Kwok, Sun (2000). "History and overview".
The Origin and Evolution of planetary Nebulae . Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–7.
ISBN
0-521-62313-8 . Retrieved 13 January 2012 . [
permanent dead link ]
^ Spruce, Richard (1884). "Hepaticae of the Amazon and the Andes of Peru and Ecuador". Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society . 15 (1–2). Edinburgh.
^ Spruce, Richard (1908).
Wallace, Alfred Russel (ed.).
Notes of a botanist on the Amazon and the Andes... during the years 1849–1864 . London: Macmillan.
^ Pearson, Michael (2004). Richard Spruce: naturalist and explorer . Settle, Yorkshire: Hudson History.
ISBN
1-903783-28-3 .
^ Newlands, John A. R. (1864-08-20).
"On Relations Among the Equivalents" . Chemical News . 10 : 94–95.
Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-30 .
^
"Julius Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev" . Science History Institute .
Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018 .
^ Bowden, Mary Ellen (1997). "Julius Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev".
Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences . Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp.
59-63 .
ISBN
9780941901123 .
^ Guldberg, C. M.; Waage, P. (1864). "Studies Concerning Affinity". Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiana : 35.
^ Waage, P. (1864). "Experiments for Determining the Affinity Law". Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania : 92.
^ Guldberg, C. M. (1864). "Concerning the Laws of Chemical Affinity". Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania : 111.
^ Schaffer, Jeffrey P. Yosemite National Park (4th ed.). p. 48.
^ Enneper, A. (1864). "Analytisch-geometrische Untersuchungen". Zeitschrift für mathematische Physik . 9 : 96–125.
^ Maxwell, J. Clerk (1865).
"A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field" (PDF) . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . 155 : 459–512.
doi :
10.1098/rstl.1865.0008 .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-08-30 .
^ Chaffin, Tom (2008).
The H. L. Hunley: the Secret Hope of the Confederacy . New York: Hill and Wang.
ISBN
978-0-8090-9512-4 .
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.
ISBN
0-14-102715-0 .
^
"History" . Oriel Chambers.
Archived from the original on 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2009-07-27 .
^
"Henry Roscoe (1833-1915): flashlight photography" .
Museum of Science and Industry (Manchester) . 2007. Archived from
the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2011-11-17 .
^
"Copley Medal | British scientific award" . Encyclopedia Britannica .
Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020 .
^ Brentari, Carlo (2015). Jakob von Uexküll: The Discovery of the Umwelt between Biosemiotics and Theoretical Biology . Springer.