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Calendar year
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1791 .
January 2 :
Big Bottom massacre
1791 (
MDCCXCI ) was a
common year starting on Saturday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Wednesday of the
Julian calendar , the 1791st year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 791st year of the
2nd millennium , the 91st year of the
18th century , and the 2nd year of the
1790s decade. As of the start of 1791, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January 1 – Austrian composer
Joseph Haydn arrives in England, to perform a series of concerts.
January 2 –
Northwest Indian War :
Big Bottom Massacre – The war begins in the Ohio Country, with this massacre.
January 12 –
Holy Roman troops reenter
Liège , heralding the end of the
Liège Revolution , and the restoration of its
Prince-Bishops .
January 25 – The
British Parliament passes the
Constitutional Act 1791 , splitting the old
province of Quebec into
Upper and
Lower Canada .
February 8 – The
Bank of the United States , based in Philadelphia, is incorporated by the federal government with a 20-year charter and started with $10,000,000 capital.
[1]
February 21 – The United States opens
diplomatic relations with
Portugal .
March 2 –
French Revolution :
March 4 –
Vermont is
admitted as the 14th
U.S. state .
March 13 –
Thomas Paine 's chief work
Rights of Man (first part) is published in London.
[2]
March –
French Revolution : In France, the
National Constituent Assembly accepts the recommendation of its Commission of Weights and Measures that the nation should adopt the
metric system .
April–June
July–September
July 8 – Austrian composer
Joseph Haydn , on a visit to England, is awarded an honorary doctorate of music at the
University of Oxford .
July 11 – The ashes of
Voltaire are transferred to the
Panthéon in Paris.
July 14 –
17 –
Priestley Riots against
Dissenters in
Birmingham , England.
July 17 –
French Revolution : The
Champ de Mars massacre occurs in Paris.
August 4 – The
Treaty of Sistova is signed, ending the
Ottoman–Habsburg wars .
August 6 – The
Brandenburg Gate in Berlin (Prussia) is finished.
August 7 –
George Hammond is appointed as Great Britain's first minister to the United States.
[1]
August 21 –
Haitian Revolution : A
slave rebellion breaks out in the French colony of
Saint-Domingue .
August 26 –
John Fitch is granted a patent for the
steamboat in the United States.
August 27
September 5
September 6 –
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's
opera seria ,
La clemenza di Tito , premières at the
Estates Theatre in
Prague to mark the coronation of
Leopold II as King of
Bohemia .
September 9 – The capital of the United States,
Washington, D.C. , is named after the incumbent 1st President
George Washington .
September 12 – The first serious secondary education school open to girls in Denmark, the
Døtreskolen af 1791 , is founded in Copenhagen.
September 13 –
French Revolution :
Louis XVI of France accepts the final version of the completed constitution.
September 14 –
French Revolution : The Papal States lose Avignon to Revolutionary France.
September 25 –
Mission Santa Cruz is founded by Basque Franciscan Father
Fermín Lasuén , becoming the 12th mission in the
California mission chain.
September 28 –
French Revolution : The law on
Jewish emancipation is promulgated in France, the first such legislation in modern Europe.
September 30 –
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's
singspiel opera
The Magic Flute (Die Zauberflöte ) premières at the
Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden in
Vienna .
October–December
October 1 –
French Revolution : The
Legislative Assembly (France) convenes.
October 9 –
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad is founded by Father
Fermín Lasuén , becoming the 13th mission in the
California mission chain.
October 19 – The
Treaty of Drottningholm is signed between the
Russian Empire and
Sweden establishing an alliance between the two.
[8]
[9]
October 28 –
French Revolution : The
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen is published in France.
November 4 –
St. Clair's Defeat , the worst loss suffered by the United States Army in fighting against American Indians, takes place in modern-day
Mercer County, Ohio .
Miami fighters led by Chief
Mihsihkinaahkwa (Little Turtle) and by
Shawnee warriors commanded by War Chief
Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) rout the forces of General
Arthur St. Clair and kill 630 U.S. soldiers, along with hundreds of civilians.
[10]
November 20 In Vienna (Austria), the Austrian composer
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart becomes bedridden on his deathbed as a result of a serious illness that would end his life in fifteen days.
December 4 – The first issue of
The Observer , the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published in London.
December 5 – Austrian composer
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies aged 35 at his home in Vienna, perhaps of acute
rheumatic fever , and is buried two days later.
December 15 – Ratification by the states of the first ten amendments to the
United States Constitution is completed, creating the
United States Bill of Rights . Two additional amendments remain pending, and one of these is finally ratified in
1992 , becoming the
Twenty-seventh Amendment .
December 23 – The
Pale of Settlement is established by
ukase of
Catherine the Great , specifying those areas of the
Russian Empire in which Jews are permitted permanent residency.
Date unknown
Births
Samuel Morse
Michael Faraday
Charles Babbage
James Buchanan
January 15 –
Franz Grillparzer , Austrian writer (d.
1872 )
January 28 –
Ferdinand Hérold , French composer (d.
1833 )
February 12 –
Peter Cooper , American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (d.
1883 )
February 21
March 20 –
Marie Ellenrieder , German
painter (d.
1863 )
March 31 –
Franciszek Mirecki , Polish composer, conductor and teacher (d.
1862 )
April 3 –
Anne Lister , English landowner, diarist, mountaineer and traveller, "the first modern lesbian" (d.
1840 )
April 23 –
James Buchanan , American lawyer, politician, and 15th
President of the United States . (d.
1868 )
April 27 –
Samuel Morse , American inventor (d.
1872 )
June 1 –
John Nelson , American lawyer (d.
1860 )
June 30 –
Félix Savart , French physicist (d.
1841 )
July 26 –
Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart , Austrian composer, pianist (d.
1844 )
September 5 –
Giacomo Meyerbeer , German composer (d.
1864 )
September 21 –
István Széchenyi , Hungarian politician, writer (d.
1860 )
September 22 –
Michael Faraday , English scientist (d.
1867 )
September 23
September 26 –
Théodore Géricault , French painter (d.
1824 )
October 29 –
John Elliotson , British physician (d.
1868 )
November 11 –
Josef Munzinger ,
member of the Swiss Federal Council (d.
1855 )
December 7 –
Ferenc Novák ,
Hungarian Slovene song collector and priest (d.
1836 )
December 26 –
Charles Babbage , British mathematician, inventor (d.
1871 )
approximate date –
Enriqueta Favez , Swiss-born physician, surgeon (d.
1856 )
Deaths
Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
January 11 –
William Williams Pantycelyn , Welsh hymnist (b.
1717 )
January 23 –
Johann Phillip Fabricius , German missionary (b.
1711 )
March 2 –
John Wesley , English founder of Methodism (b.
1703 )
March 10 –
William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford (1722–1791) , England (b.
1722 )
March 14 –
Johann Salomo Semler , German historian, Bible commentator (b.
1725 )
March 31 –
Ralph Verney, 2nd Earl Verney of Ireland (b.
1714 )
April 2 –
Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau , French revolutionary leader (b.
1749 )
April 19 –
Richard Price , Welsh philosopher (b.
1723 )
April 24 –
Benjamin Harrison V , signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b.
1726 )
May 9 –
Francis Hopkinson , signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b.
1737 )
June 5 –
Frederick Haldimand , Swiss-born British colonial governor (b.
1718 )
June 10 –
Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte , French admiral (b.
1720 )
June 17 –
Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon , English Methodist leader (b.
1707 )
June 30 –
Jean-Baptiste Descamps , Flemish painter and art historian (b.
1714 )
July 9 –
Jacques-Nicolas Tardieu , French engraver (b.
1716 )
July 17 –
Martin Dobrizhoffer , Austrian Jesuit missionary (b.
1717 )
July 25 –
Isaac Low , American delegate to the Continental Congress (b.
1735 )
August 22 –
Johann David Michaelis , German biblical scholar and teacher (b.
1717 )
September 25 –
William Bradford , American printer (b.
1719 )
October 7 –
Mary Frances of the Five Wounds , Italian Franciscan saint (b.
1715 )
October 12
October 16 –
Grigory Potemkin , Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman and favourite of Catherine the Great (b.
1739 )
November 4 –
Richard Butler , American soldier (b.
1743 )
November 16 –
Edward Penny , British painter (b.
1714 )
December 5 –
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , German composer (b. in Salzburg, then part of the kingdom of Germany
1756 )
December 12
December 13 –
Mathieu Tillet , French botanist (b.
1714 )
December 19 –
Jean-François de Neufforge , Flemish architect and engraver (b.
1714 )
December 27 –
John Monro , British physician of Bethlem Hospital (b.
1716 )
date unknown –
Maria Petraccini , Italian anatomist, physician (b.
1759 )
References
^
a
b Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909 , ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p169
^ The Hutchinson Factfinder . Helicon. 1999.
ISBN
1-85986-000-1 .
^
"First Encounters Between the U.S. and Japan - John Kendrick..." Consulate General of Japan in New York. Retrieved September 3, 2022 .
^
"Logbook for Brig "Grace" (1791)" . Duxbury Rural & Historical Society. Retrieved September 3, 2022 .
^
"A short history of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain" (PDF) .
^ Thorn, John (August 3, 2011).
"The Pittsfield "Baseball" Bylaw of 1791: What It Means" . Our Game . Retrieved November 4, 2019 .
^
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
^
The Cambridge Modern History . CUP Archive.
^ Anusik, Zbigniew (November 5, 2017).
"The Commonwealth of Poland towards Russia in the final stage of the Great Diet (1791–1792)" (PDF) . Przegląd Nauk Historycznych . 16 (3): 104.
doi :
10.18778/1644-857X.16.03.03 . Retrieved November 21, 2023 .
^ Robert M. Owens, Red Dreams, White Nightmares: Pan-Indian Alliances in the Anglo-American Mind, 1763–1815 (University of Oklahoma Press, 2015)
^
"The Invention of Marie Harel" . Camembert de Normandie . Archived from
the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved December 6, 2020 .
^
"Interior of Governors Palace, Algiers, Algeria" .
World Digital Library . 1899. Retrieved September 25, 2013 .
Further reading