From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
List of events
Events from the year
1685 in
England . This year sees a change of monarch.
Incumbents
Events
The
Duke of Monmouth beheaded on
Tower Hill following failure of the
Monmouth Rebellion
6 February – death of
Charles II at
Whitehall Palace after four days' illness, having been received into the
Roman Catholic church on the previous evening.
[1] His brother, the Catholic James Stuart,
Duke of York , becomes King
James II of England .
[2]
23 April – coronation of King James II at
Westminster Abbey ,
[3] including anthems by
Henry Purcell .
[4]
May –
Titus Oates , found guilty of
perjury for his part in the alleged "
Popish Plot ", is sentenced by
Judge Jeffreys to be imprisoned,
pilloried (at
Temple Bar, London ) and whipped.
[2]
19 May – beginning of the first session of the
Loyal Parliament .
[5]
11 June –
Monmouth Rebellion :
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth , illegitimate son of King
Charles II of England ,
Scotland and
Ireland , lands at
Lyme Regis with an invasion force brought from the
Dutch Republic to challenge his uncle,
James II , for the
Crown of England .
[6]
20 June – Monmouth Rebellion:
James, Duke of Monmouth , declares himself at
Taunton to be King and heir to his father's Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland.
[2]
[6]
6 July – Monmouth Rebellion: the
Battle of Sedgemoor between the armies of King James II and rebel forces under Monmouth, the last
pitched battle fought on
English soil. Monmouth's army is defeated and the
Duke himself is captured shortly after the battle.
[2]
15 July – the Duke of Monmouth is
beheaded at
Tower Hill, London , by
Jack Ketch
[2] with several blows of the axe.
25 August to 23 September –
Lord Chief Justice
Jeffreys holds the
Bloody Assizes to try Monmouth's supporters, beginning at
Winchester and ending at
Wells . Over a thousand receive sentences of
hanging or
transportation .
[3]
28 September – Jeffreys is appointed
Lord Chancellor by the king.
[7]
29 September – the first organised
street lighting , using
oil lamps , is established in London by Edward Hemming.
[3]
22 October –
Louis XIV of France issues the
Edict of Fontainebleau , which revokes the
Edict of Nantes and declares
Protestantism illegal in his country, causing
Huguenot
refugees to flee to England and elsewhere; among them is the Toyé family, who establish the
jewellery and
clothing business which, as
Toye, Kenning and Spencer , will still be operating in the hands of the original family in the 21st century.
[8]
23 October –
Elizabeth Gaunt , humanitarian,
burned at the stake at
Tyburn for alleged complicity in the
Rye House Plot , becomes the last woman executed for political
treason in England. She is not granted the customary mercy of strangulation before burning.
November – at the king's request,
Ferdinando d'Adda is sent as the first
Papal Nuncio to England since 1558.
20 November – the
Loyal Parliament is
prorogued and never meets again.
Alice Molland becomes the last known person in England to be sentenced to death for
witchcraft , in
Exeter .
[9]
Births
Deaths
2 January –
Sir Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet , politician (born 1603)
6 February – King
Charles II of England (born 1630)
24 February –
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle , politician and military leader (born 1629)
14 April –
Thomas Otway , dramatist (born 1652)
16 June –
Anne Killigrew , poet and painter (born 1660)
22 June –
Thomas Dangerfield , conspirator, homicide (born c. 1650)
15 July –
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth , illegitimate son of Charles II, executed (born 1649)
28 July –
Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington , statesman (born 1618)
23 October –
Henry Cornish , London alderman, executed
30 October – executed
12 December –
John Pell , mathematician (born 1610)
References
^
Hutton, Ronald (1989).
Charles II: King of England, Scotland and Ireland . Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp.
443, 456 .
ISBN
0-19-822911-9 .
^
a
b
c
d
e Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1685". The People's Chronology . Thomson Gale.
^
a
b
c Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 194–196.
ISBN
0-7126-5616-2 .
^
Hutchings, Arthur (1982). Purcell . London:
BBC . p. 85.
^ Childs, John (1980).
The Army, James II, and the Glorious Revolution . Manchester University Press. p. 10.
ISBN
0-7190-0688-0 .
^
a
b Harris, Tim (2004).
"Scott (Crofts), James, duke of Monmouth and first duke of Buccleuch (1649–1685)" .
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi :
10.1093/ref:odnb/24879 . (Subscription or
UK public library membership required.)
^ "Today in History".
Metro . London. 28 September 2023. p. 2.
^
"Three centuries of craftsmanship and innovation" . Toye, Kenning & Spencer. Retrieved 5 November 2010 .
^ Armbruster, Caroline (2016). "Alice Molland (d.1685)". In Levin, Carole; et al. (eds.). A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives: 1500–1650 . Routledge. p. 334.
OCLC
949870073 .
^
"Were there really women pirates?" . PantherBay.com . Archived from
the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2021 .