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One hundred years, from 1200 BC to 1101 BC
The 12th century BC is the period from 1200 to 1101 BC. The
Late Bronze Age collapse in the
ancient Near East and
eastern Mediterranean is often considered to begin in this century.
[1]
Events
Walls of the excavated city of
Troy , supposed center of the legendary
Trojan War
1200 BC : the
first civilization in Central and North America develops in about 1200 BC in the coastal regions of the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Known as the
Olmec civilization , its early site is at
San Lorenzo .
1200 BC : the
Phoenicians found the port of
Lisbon ,
Portugal
1197 BC : the beginning of the first period (
1197 BC –
982 BC ) by
Shao Yong 's concept of the
I Ching and history.
c.
1194 BC : the beginning of the legendary
Trojan War .
1192 BC :
Wu Ding ,
King of the
Shang dynasty , dies.
1191 BC :
Menestheus , legendary
King of Athens , dies during the
Trojan War after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew
Demophon , a son of
Theseus . Other accounts place his death a decade later and shortly after the
Trojan War (see
1180s BC ).
1186 BC : end of the
Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt , start of the
Twentieth Dynasty .
April 24, 1184 BC: traditional date for the fall of
Troy ,
Asia Minor to the
Mycenaeans and their allies. This marks the end of the
Trojan War of
Greek mythology .
1181 BC :
Menestheus , legendary
King of Athens and veteran of the
Trojan War , dies after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by his nephew Demophon, a son of
Theseus . Other accounts place his death a decade earlier and during the
Trojan War (see
1190s BC ).
1180 BC : the last
Kassite King, Anllil-nadin-akhe, is defeated by the
Elamites .
1180 BC : collapse of
Hittite power in
Anatolia with the destruction of their capital
Hattusa .
c.
1177 BC :
Ramesses III of
Egypt repels attacks by northern invaders (the "
Sea-Peoples ") in the 8th year of his reign (1177 or 1186 BC); an event which
Eric Cline closely relates to the beginning of the
Late Bronze Age collapse .
[2]
April 16, 1178 BC: a
solar eclipse may mark the return of
Odysseus , legendary
King of
Ithaca , to his kingdom after the
Trojan War .
[3] He discovers a number of suitors competing to marry his wife
Penelope , whom they believe to be a widow, in order to succeed him on the throne. He organizes their slaying and re-establishes himself on the throne.
1160 BC : death of
Pharaoh
Ramesses V , from
smallpox .
1159 BC : the
Hekla 3 eruption triggers an 18-year period of climatic cooling.
1154 BC : death of exiled
Queen
Helen of
Sparta at
Rhodes (estimated date).
c.
1150 BC : end of Egyptian rule in
Canaan , with Ramesses VI the last Pharaoh acknowledged.
c.
1150 BC :
Demophon , legendary
King of Athens and veteran of the
Trojan War , dies after a reign of 33 years and is succeeded by his son
Oxyntes .
[4]
1137 BC :
Ramesses VII begins his reign as the sixth ruler of the
Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt .
c.
1138 BC :
Oxyntes , legendary
King of Athens , dies after a reign of 12 years and is succeeded by his elder son
Apheidas .
c.
1137 BC :
Apheidas , legendary
King of Athens , is
assassinated and succeeded by his younger brother
Thymoetes after a reign of 1 year.
c.
1128 BC :
Thymoetes , legendary
King of Athens , dies childless after a reign of 8 years. He is succeeded by his designated heir
Melanthus of
Pylos , a fifth-generation descendant of
Neleus who had reportedly assisted him in battle against the
Boeotians .
1122 BC : legendary founding date of the city of
Pyongyang .
c.
1120 BC :
Troy VIIb1 is destroyed.
1115 BC :
Tiglath-Pileser I becomes King of
Assyria .
1107 BC :
Pharaoh
Ramesses X of
Egypt dies and is succeeded by
Ramesses XI , probably his son, as 10th and final pharaoh of the
Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and last ruler of the
New Kingdom of Egypt .
c. 1104 BC:
Cádiz (Gadir) founded by
Phoenicians in southwestern
Spain .
1100 BC :
Tiglath-Pileser I of
Assyria conquers the
Hittites .
c.
1100 BC : the
Dorians supposedly invade
Greece .
c.
1100 BC : beginning of the proto-
Villanovan culture in
northern Italy .
c.
1100 BC :
Mycenaean civilization ends. Start of
Greek Dark Ages .
Elamite invaders loot art treasures from
Mesopotamia and carry them into
Susa .
Approximate date: Fang ding, from Tomb 1004, Houjiazhuang,
Anyang ,
Henan (
Shang dynasty ) is made.
[5]
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Sovereign states
See:
List of sovereign states in the 12th century BC
References