1021 Flammario , provisional designation 1924 RG , is a dark background
asteroid from the central regions of the
asteroid belt , approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 11 March 1924, by German astronomer
Max Wolf at the
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Heidelberg, Germany.
[1] The asteroid was named after French astronomer
Camille Flammarion .
[2] The uncommon
F-type asteroid has a
rotation period of 12.16 hours.
[4]
Orbit and classification
Flammario is a non-
family asteroid from the main belt's
background population .
[5] It orbits the Sun in the
central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.0–3.5
AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,654 days;
semi-major axis of 2.74 AU). Its orbit has an
eccentricity of 0.29 and an
inclination of 16
° with respect to the
ecliptic .
[3]
The asteroid was first observed as A910 CE at Taunton Observatory (
803 ) in February 1910. The body's
observation arc begins at the
Pulkovo Observatory near Saint Petersburg, Russia, in January 1928, more than four years after its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.
[1]
Physical characteristics
In the
SMASS classification , Flammario is a "bright" carbonaceous
B-type , while it is an uncommon
F-type asteroid in the
Tholen taxonomy . (The SMASS taxonomic scheme classifies all F-types as B-type asteroids).
[3]
[4] More recent
polarimetric observations also characterized the asteroid as a dark F-type.
[20]
Rotation period
Several rotational
lightcurves of Flammario have been obtained from
photometric observations since the 1990s (
U=2/2/2 ).
[15]
[16]
[17] Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve obtained by French amateur astronomer
Laurent Bernasconi in January 2005 gave a
rotation period of 12.160 hours with a consolidated brightness amplitude between 0.14 and 0.40
magnitude (
U=3- ).
[4]
[19]
Poles
In 2016, a modeled lightcurve using photometric data from various sources, rendered a similar sidereal period of 12.15186 hours and two
spin axes of (32.0°, 22.0°) and (216.0°, 55.0°) in
ecliptic coordinates .
[18]
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite
IRAS , the Japanese
Akari satellite and the
NEOWISE mission of NASA's
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer , Flammario measures between 84.78 and 105 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low
albedo between 0.04 and 0.05.
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[14]
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0458 and a diameter of 99.39 kilometers based on an
absolute magnitude of 8.98.
[4]
Mass, density and porosity
Fienga et al. estimated the mass of Flammario as (8.6 ± 3.87/2.84)× 10 17 kg, with a theoretical bulk density of 1.606 ± 0.722/0.529 g/cm3 .
[13]
Small Solar System bodies may have 20% of more porosity (which decreases with the size of the body due to self-gravity). The carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids typically show a higher macroporosity than the basaltic, stony asteroids from the inner regions of the asteroid belt.
[22]
Naming
This
minor planet was named after renowned French astronomer
Camille Flammarion (1842–1925), who founded the French Astronomical Society (
French :
Société astronomique de France ) and the astronomical journal
L'Astronomie in the 1880s. The official naming citation was mentioned in
The Names of the Minor Planets by
Paul Herget in 1955 (
H 98 ). The lunar crater
Flammarion as well as the crater
Flammarion on Mars were also named in his honor.
[2]
References
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External links