| Wincanton Skirmish | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Glorious Revolution | |||||||
.jpg) James II (Kneller) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
Dutch Republic supported by: English Williamites | |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Patrick Sarsfield
Henry Luttrell |
Lieutenant Campbell
† | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 120+ | 30 + | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 5+ |
12 killed 8 prisoners | ||||||
The Wincanton Skirmish occurred on 20 November 1688 during the Glorious Revolution. A small patrol of the Royal Army led by the Irish officer Patrick Sarsfield, clashed with a detachment of the invading Dutch Army in the town of Wincanton in Somerset. It was one of the few notable actions fought during the campaign which has sometimes acquired the name the "bloodless revolution". [1]
Background
Following the landing of William of Orange in Devon, forces loyal to James II had assembled on Salisbury Plain. Colonel Patrick Sarsfield was one of the most active officers on the King's behalf, at a time of growing doubts about the trustworthiness of other commanders. Inconclusive reports had arrived that enemy forces had been spotted at Bruton, close to Wincanton. Sarsfield was ordered by his superior General Percy Kirke to take out a fresh patrol and investigate. [2]
Skirmish
On the morning of 20 November, Sarsfield rode out from the royal camp with 120 Horse Guards and Horse Grenadier Guards including his second-in-command and fellow Irishman Henry Luttrell. After riding to Bruton, they discovered that the enemy force had marched to Wincanton the previous day. [3]
The Dutch troops were in fact a small advance guard of around thirty infantry who had been sent ahead of their main army to secure horses for military use. They were Scottish troops of Hugh Mackay's regiment who were serving in the Scots Brigade of the Dutch Army, and were led by a Lieutenant Campbell. Their instructions were to remain at Wincanton until joined by William's main force. [4]
Campbell received warning of the enemy's approach from local inhabitants sympathetic to William, and decided to set an ambush for Sarsfield's men between Flingers Lane and Ireson Lane just outside Wincanton. [5] Unsure if the approaching cavalry were hostile, given they might be deserters, Campbell shouted out a challenge demanding to know who the men supported. Sarsfield replied King James, and after Campbell responded that he was for Prince of Orange, Sarsfield reportedly cried "God damn you! I'll Prince You!" and both sides opened fire. [6]
In the ensuing melee Campbell was shot dead. Although Sarsfield's men comfortably outnumbered their opponents, the Scottish troops were in well-concealed positions and their fire took out several of the cavalryman. Many of Sarsfield's men dismounted and fought on foot, returning the enemy fire and hurling grenades at them. Henry Lutrell led some of his men to outflank the enemy who were increasingly vulnerable. [7]
The fighting was stopped by one of the locals who rushed out of Wincanton warning Sarsfield's men that they were about to be attacked by large Dutch reinforcements in the village. This was in fact a completely false report, brought out by a miller who supported William's cause. A cautious Sarsfield disengaged and pulled his men back out of musket range, allowing the remaining Scots time to flee. [8]
Sarsfield subsequently occupied Wincanton, having taken six prisoners and some of the horses that the Scottish troops had been gathering. Several of Sarsfield's men had been killed or wounded. Cornet John Webb, a future general, was badly wounded and had to be left in the village to recover. A total of twelve Scots, including Campbell, had been killed in the fighting. [9]
Aftermath
News of the fighting quickly spread around the country. Some reports wrongly suggested a major battle had taken place at Wincanton in which the King's forces had been routed. [10] Wincanton was then occupied by the Dutch Army and William spent the night at a house there.
The skirmish, along with the subsequent Battle of Reading, proved to be one of only two armed clashes during 1688. Although a major battle between the two field armies was widely anticipated, very little fighting took place. A series of defections amongst his senior officers led James to order a retreat to London; his army gradually disintegrated along the way and was finally disbanded at Uxbridge. William was able to enter London without fighting the expected pitched battle. James fled into exile, while William and his wife were crowned in his place.
Patrick Sarsfield subsequently distinguished himself fighting for James during the Williamite War in Ireland (1689–91).
Commemoration
The Orange Way long-distance footpath, created in 2003 to follow William's route from Devon to London, passes through Wincanton. [11]
References
- ^ Harris & Taylor, p. 5.
- ^ Wauchope, p. 36.
- ^ Wauchope, p. 37.
- ^ Wauchope, p. 37.
- ^ "The history behind Wincanton". Somerset Life. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
- ^ Wauchop, p. 38.
- ^ Wauchope, p. 38.
- ^ Wauchope, p. 38-39.
- ^ Wauchope, p. 39.
- ^ Wauchope, p. 39.
- ^ "Orange Way". Long Distance Walkers Association. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
Bibliography
- Harris, Tim & Taylor, Stephen. The Final Crisis of the Stuart Monarchy: The Revolutions of 1688-91 in Their British, Atlantic and European Contexts. Boydell & Brewer, 2015.
- Wauchope, Piers. Patrick Sarsfield and the Williamite War. Irish Academic Press, 1992.