Total population | |
---|---|
571,762 (United Kingdom)
[1]
[2] 61,201 (Scotland) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Aberdeen · Edinburgh · Fife · North East Scotland | |
Languages | |
British English · Polish | |
Religion | |
Predominantly Christianity | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Other White people |
White Polish is an ethnicity classification used in Scotland at the 2011 United Kingdom Census. In the census, the White Polish population stood 571,762 in the whole United Kingdom, 61,201 of which were in Scotland which was 1.16% of the total population of Scotland at the time. [1] [3]
In England and Wales, the category is not its own section like Scotland meaning write in answers for "White Polish" are designated under the broader Other White group. [4]
The Scottish Government's policy since 2011, however, has been to include "White Polish" as a specific subgrouping of the 5,084,407 white people recorded in Scotland at the last UK census. Other subgroupings in Scotland's census are "White Scottish", "White Other British", "White Irish", "White Gypsy / Traveller", and "White Other White". [4] [5] [6]
Outside of the national census, many county councils additionally use the "White Polish" category in local statistics, as do Police Scotland, [7] [8] and regional health boards of NHS Scotland. [9] Some of the local governments that use the category include Angus Council [10] and Dundee City Council. [6]
The distribution of people who consider themselves to be White Polish is most concentrated in North East Scotland, with up to 3 per cent in Aberdeen at the 2011 census. Edinburgh had around a 3 per cent White Polish populace, and Dundee a 1.4 per cent, [6] at the latest census. [11] As of June 2015, around 3,000 people who identified with the category resided in Fife, which amounted to 0.8% the county's population. [12]
Despite there being a long history of Polish immigration to Scotland, [11] and therefore Polish ancestry within the country, data from the 2011 census suggests that the Scottish-born White Polish population were overwhelming the children of recent Polish migrants. Analyzed in Scottish Affairs, 80 per cent of White Polish infants were under the age of 3, suggesting that Scottish residents with Polish ancestry dating further back (such as the significant migrations of Poles during and after World War II) were most likely identifying as White Scottish. [13]
As the category was introduced in 2011, in statistical research White Polish data is sometimes compared with the category of Other White for pre-2011 analysis. [14]
In the 2011 census results, at 56 per cent; White Polish people were most likely to be working as a full-time employee. The data also showed that people who self-identified as White Polish were most likely to be economically active in Scotland, at rate of 86 per cent of the group. [15] In 2020, a Global Health Policy Unit publication identified 35 per cent of the grouping as working in "elementary occupations", which linked this to health risks, such as disproportionate exposure to COVID-19. [16]
In 2011, the General Register Office for Scotland found that 1 per cent of the population used the Polish language at home exclusively, which was around the same percentage as use of Scots, and twice that of Scottish Gaelic. [17]
Statistically, White Polish are more likely to be Christian than other religions. According to the 2011 UK Census, 49,537 White Polish (nearly 81%) are Christian in Scotland, the vast majority of which are Roman Catholic (46,963 persons), with smaller representations being Church of Scotland (524 persons), and 2,050 registering as "Other Christian". [18]
Religion | Percentage of White Polish population [18] | Number |
---|---|---|
Christianity | 80.94% | 49,537 |
No religion | 11.30% | 6,916 |
Judaism | 0.06% | 39 |
Islam | 0.21% | 130 |
Buddhism | 0.15% | 95 |
Hinduism | 0.01% | 9 |
Sikhism | >0.01% | 4 |
Not Stated | 7.17% | 4,393 |
Other religions | 0.13% | 78 |
Total | 100% | 61,201 |
Between 2013 and 2014, Police Scotland data showed that up to 14 per cent of victims of racist incidents fell under the category of White Polish. [7] Between April and June 2015, Police Scotland Forth Valley division's statistics (covering Clackmannanshire, Falkirk and Stirling) found that those defined as "White Polish" were the victims in 4.8% of the recorded hate crime-related incidents. [8]
In 2020, the Daily Record reported accounts from former students of racial discrimination directed towards people who identified as, or were perceived to be, White Polish, at St Augustine's R.C. High School in Edinburgh. [19]
Scottish residents in the White Polish category generally reported good health under the age of 65. Both men and women, who listed themselves as White Polish, recorded almost half the rates of ill health than those of men and women identifying as White Scottish. [20] A 2019 Ethnicity & Health analysis also demonstrated better health among the White Polish population compared with White Scottish data. [21]
Between 12 March and 14 June 2020, of the 4,070 recorded COVID-19-involved deaths in Scotland, the White Polish group had one of the lowest shares at less than 0.1%, compared with White Irish at 1.3%, and White Scottish at 88.6%. [22] In May 2020, a University of Edinburgh report associated the group's tendency to "elementary occupations" with risk of exposure to the virus. [16]
In 2011, people in the category of White Polish were most likely to experience overcrowding in Scottish households. [15]
Scotland: The ethnicity question in the 2011 Census in Scotland asked respondents to choose from the following 19 ethnic groups: White; White Scottish; Other White British; White Irish; Gypsy / Traveller; White Polish; Other
The current Scottish policy focus on ethnicity, for example, classifies people as "white" (including "white Scottish", "white British", "Irish" and "Polish") ... The largest group of the non-Scottish "white" population were "other British" (7.9%), while the white ethnicities, "Irish" and "Polish", each represented just over one per cent of the Scottish population ... Annexe 1 – The Scottish Population by Ethnicity - White: Polish; 61,201; 1.16%
Ethnicity: White: Polish; People: 1,990; Percentage 1.4%
A total of 14% of victims were classed as "other white" - including "white Polish" and "white Irish" - and 13.1% were African, Caribbean or another black ethnic background.
Table 5
Carnoustie Population Statistics: Ethnicity: White Polish 0.2% ... Monifieth & Sidlaw Population Statistics: White Polish 0.3%
Today, the North East has one of the highest concentration of Polish nationals with three per cent of the population of Aberdeen recorded as white Polish, the same proportion of Edinburgh. The figure for Scotland is 1.2 per cent.
A new category for the 2011 Census showed that there were just over 3,000 persons living in Fife who stated they were 'White Polish', 0.8% of the total population.
Further analysis of microdata suggests that the vast majority of the Scottish-born White Polish are the young children of recent Polish migrants rather than, e.g. offspring of migrants from previous eras, because nearly 80% are infants aged 3 or under.
We have combined White Gypsy/Traveller and White Polish with Other White, and Arab with Other, for better comparability with 2001.
The report found that those who identified themselves as "White: Polish" were the most likely to work full-time as an employee (56%) and were also the most likely to be economically active (86%) ... "White: Polish", "Bangladeshi" and "African" households had the highest rates of overcrowding.
Ethnic minorities in Scotland are concentrated in the lowest paid occupations, particularly the White Polish group (with 35% employed in elementary occupations)
Together, minority ethnic groups and white non-British groups (which include 'White: Irish', 'White: Polish', 'White: Gypsy/ Traveller' and 'White: Other white') made up 8% of the total population ... In 2011, most (93%) people in Scotland aged 3 and over reported that they used only English at home. Scots and Polish (each 1%) and Gaelic (0.5%) were the most common languages other than English reported as being used at home.
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Students from Asian, Black and White-Polish communities give accounts of being subjected to racial stereotypes
The results show that the White Scottish population tend to have worse health and higher socioeconomic inequalities in health than many other ethnic groups, while White Polish and Chinese people tend to have better health and low socioeconomic inequalities in health.