Genus of flowering plants
Vinca (;
[2]
Latin : vincire "to bind, fetter") is a genus of
flowering plants in the family
Apocynaceae , native to
Europe , northwest
Africa and southwest
Asia .
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6] The English name periwinkle is shared with the related genus
Catharanthus (and also with the common seashore
mollusc ,
Littorina littorea ).
Description
Vinca difformis in habitat, Cáceres, Spain
Vinca plants are
subshrubs or
herbaceous , and have slender trailing stems 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) long but not growing more than 20–70 cm (8–27.5 in) above ground; the stems frequently take root where they touch the ground, enabling the plant to spread widely. The
leaves are opposite, simple broad lanceolate to ovate, 1–9 cm (0.5–3.5 in) long and 0.5–6 cm (0.20–2.36 in) broad; they are
evergreen in four species, but
deciduous in the herbaceous
V. herbacea , which dies back to the root system in winter.
[7]
[8]
The
flowers , produced through most of the growing season, are salverform (like those of
Phlox ), simple, 2.5–7 cm (0.98–2.76 in) broad, with five usually violet (occasionally white) petals joined together at the base to form a tube. The
fruit consists of a pair of divergent
follicles ; the dry fruit
dehisces along one rupture site to release seeds.
[7]
[8]
Gardens
Two of the species,
Vinca major and
Vinca minor , are extensively cultivated as a flowering evergreen
ornamental plant . Because the plants are low and spread quickly, they are often used as
groundcover in
garden landscapes and
container gardens . They are also traditionally used in older cemeteries as an evergreen maintenance-free ground cover.
[9] Many
cultivars are available, with different plant, leaf, and flower colors, sizes, and habits.
Invasive plant species
Although attractive, both Vinca major and Vinca minor may be
invasive in some regions where they are
introduced species because the rapid spreading chokes out
native plant species and alters
habitats . Areas affected include parts of Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States, especially coastal
California .
[10]
[11]
Vinca plants spreading along a border
Medicinal use
The
vinca alkaloids include at least 86
alkaloids extracted from plants in the genus Vinca .
[12]
[13]
[14] The
chemotherapy agent
vincristine is extracted from a closely related species,
Catharanthus roseus ,
[15]
[16]
[17] and is used to treat some
leukemias ,
[18]
lymphomas ,
[19] and childhood cancers,
[20] as well as several other types of cancer and some non-cancerous conditions.
Vinblastine is a chemical analogue of
vincristine
[13]
[16]
[21] and is also used to treat various forms of
cancer .
[22] Dimeric alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine are produced by the coupling the smaller indole alkaloids
vindoline and
catharanthine .
[13]
[23] In addition, the
nootropic agent
vincamine is derived from
Vinca minor .
Vinorelbine , a newer
semi-synthetic chemotherapeutic agent, is used in the treatment of
non-small-cell lung cancer
[16]
[24] and is prepared either from the
natural products
leurosine
[25]
[26] or
catharanthine and
vindoline ,
[16]
[27] in both cases by first preparing
anhydrovinblastine .
[15]
[16]
[27]
Species
Accepted species:
[1]
Vinca difformis Pourr. – Azores, western and central Mediterranean
Vinca erecta Regel & Schmalh. – Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Vinca herbacea Waldst. & Kit. – central, eastern and southeastern Europe; Middle East
Vinca ispartensis Koyuncu & Ekşi – Turkey
[28]
Vinca major L. – southern Europe, Turkey, Syria, Caucasus; introduced to and established in New Zealand, California, British Isles, central Europe, Ukraine, North Africa, south China, Canary Islands, Madeira, North America,
[29] Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru,
[30] Costa Rica, Guatemala
Vinca minor L. – central and southeastern Europe, Ukraine, Caucasus; introduced to and established in British Isles, Scandinavia, Portugal, Turkey, south China, North America,
[31] New Zealand
Vinca soneri Koyuncu – Turkey
References
^
a
b
"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" . Retrieved May 17, 2014 .
^ Stearn, W. T. (1983). Botanical Latin ed. 3. David & Charles
ISBN
0-7153-8548-8 .
^
Flora Europaea: Vinca
^
"EuroMed Plantbase Project: Vinca " . Archived from
the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2010-05-05 .
^
Flora of Pakistan: Vinca
^
Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Vinca included photos plus European distribution maps
^
a
b Blamey, M., & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe . Hodder & Stoughton.
^
a
b Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening 4: 664-665. Macmillan.
^
"Periwinkle" . Retrieved 16 November 2012 .
^
Global Compendium of Weeds: Vinca major
^
Global Compendium of Weeds: Vinca minor
^ Hesse, Manfred (2002). Alkaloids: Nature's Curse or Blessing? . Wiley-VCH. p. 7.
ISBN
978-3-906390-24-6 .
^
a
b
c van Der Heijden, Robert; Jacobs, Denise I.; Snoeijer, Wim; Hallard, Didier; Verpoorte, Robert (2004). "The Catharanthus alkaloids: Pharmacognosy and biotechnology".
Current Medicinal Chemistry . 11 (5): 607–628.
doi :
10.2174/0929867043455846 .
PMID
15032608 .
^ Cooper, Raymond; Deakin, Jeffrey John (2016).
"Africa's gift to the world" . Botanical Miracles: Chemistry of Plants That Changed the World .
CRC Press . pp. 46–51.
ISBN
9781498704304 .
^
a
b Gansäuer, Andreas; Justicia, José; Fan, Chun-An; Worgull, Dennis; Piestert, Frederik (2007).
"Reductive C—C bond formation after epoxide opening via electron transfer" . In
Krische, Michael J. (ed.). Metal Catalyzed Reductive C—C Bond Formation: A Departure from Preformed Organometallic Reagents . Topics in Current Chemistry. Vol. 279.
Springer Science & Business Media . pp. 25–52.
doi :
10.1007/128_2007_130 .
ISBN
9783540728795 .
^
a
b
c
d
e Keglevich, Péter; Hazai, Laszlo; Kalaus, György; Szántay, Csaba (2012).
"Modifications on the basic skeletons of vinblastine and vincristine" .
Molecules . 17 (5): 5893–5914.
doi :
10.3390/molecules17055893 .
PMC
6268133 .
PMID
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^ Raviña, Enrique (2011).
"Vinca alkaloids" . The evolution of drug discovery: From traditional medicines to modern drugs .
John Wiley & Sons . pp. 157–159.
ISBN
9783527326693 .
^
"Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . February 18, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
"Chemotherapy for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . February 22, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
"Chemotherapy for Childhood Leukemia" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . February 3, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
^
"Chemotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . March 29, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
"Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . May 31, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
^
"Chemotherapy for Neuroblastoma" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . January 22, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
"Chemotherapy for Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors in Children" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . January 21, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
^ Sears, Justin E.;
Boger, Dale L. (2015).
"Total Synthesis of Vinblastine, Related Natural Products, and Key Analogues and Development of Inspired Methodology Suitable for the Systematic Study of Their Structure-Function Properties" .
Accounts of Chemical Research . 48 (3): 653–662.
doi :
10.1021/ar500400w .
PMC
4363169 .
PMID
25586069 .
^
"Chemotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . May 16, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
"Chemotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . March 29, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
"Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer" .
cancer.org .
American Cancer Society . February 12, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
^ Hirata, K.; Miyamoto, K.; Miura, Y. (1994).
"Catharanthus roseus L. (Periwinkle): Production of Vindoline and Catharanthine in Multiple Shoot Cultures" . In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.).
Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 26 . Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Vol. VI.
Springer-Verlag . pp.
46–55 .
ISBN
9783540563914 .
^ Faller, Bryan A.; Pandi, Trailokya N. (2011).
"Safety and efficacy of vinorelbine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer" .
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology . 5 : 131–144.
doi :
10.4137/CMO.S5074 .
PMC
3117629 .
PMID
21695100 .
^ Morcillo, Sara P.; Miguel, Delia; Campaña, Araceli G.; Cienfuegos, Luis Álvarez de; Justicia, José; Cuerva, Juan M. (2014).
"Recent applications of Cp2 TiCl in natural product synthesis" . Organic Chemistry Frontiers . 1 (1): 15–33.
doi :
10.1039/c3qo00024a .
hdl :
10481/47295 .
^ Hardouin, Christophe; Doris, Eric; Rousseau, Bernard; Mioskowski, Charles (2002). "Concise synthesis of anhydrovinblastine from leurosine".
Organic Letters . 4 (7): 1151–1153.
doi :
10.1021/ol025560c .
PMID
11922805 .
^
a
b Ngo, Quoc Anh; Roussi, Fanny; Cormier, Anthony; Thoret, Sylviane; Knossow, Marcel; Guénard, Daniel; Guéritte, Françoise (2009). "Synthesis and biological evaluation of Vinca alkaloids and phomopsin hybrids".
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry . 52 (1): 134–142.
doi :
10.1021/jm801064y .
PMID
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^
"Vinca ispartensis Koyuncu & Eksi" . Plants of the World Online . Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-01-15 .
^
"Plants Profile for Vinca major (bigleaf periwinkle)" . plants.usda.gov . Retrieved 2018-11-12 .
^
"Neotropical Plant Portal Research Checklist: Peru" . hasbrouck.asu.edu . Retrieved 2018-11-12 .
^
"Plants Profile for Vinca minor (common periwinkle)" . plants.usda.gov . Retrieved 2018-11-12 .
External links
Media related to
Vinca at Wikimedia Commons