Tyriaeum or Tyriaion, also spelled Tyraion, was a Roman and Byzantine era civitas in the Roman Province of Pisidia, [1] located ten parasangs from Iconium [2] It was mentioned by Xenophon, and Pliny and Strabo tell us it was between Philomelium (Akshehr) and Laodicea Combusta. [3] [4] It is tentatively identified with ruins near modern Teke Kozağaçi ( Turkey) on the road from Antalya to Denizli [5] or near modern Ilgın. [6]
History
Cyrus the Younger reviewed his troops for the Cilician queen [7] at Tyriaeum, Pisidia. [8] The town formed then part of the Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire.
During the 11th century, had a substantial Christian population and was so well fortified that even after the defeat at Mantzikert 1071 the Turks were unable to capture it. [9]
The town was taken by Suleiman the Magnificent and Tamerlane. [10] In 1308 during the Crusades there was a massacre of refugees from Ephesus in this town by Sultan Abu Zayyan I. [11]
Bishopric
The city was the seat of an ancient Bishopric. Bishop Theotececnus [12] cast a vote at the Council of Chalcedon. No longer a residential bishopric, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. [13] Tyriaeum was long mistaken as the site of Thyatira of the Apocalypse.
References
- ^ John Anthony Cramer, A Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor, With a Map, Volume 2 (At the University Press, 1832), p. 314.
- ^ Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 1.2.13.
- ^ Strabo. Geographica. Vol. 14. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.
- ^ Charles Anthon, A Classical Dictionary: Containing ... Proper Names Mentioned in Ancient Authors (Harper & Bros., 1841) p 768.
- ^ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. p. 65, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.
- ^ Lund University. Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire.
- ^ Xenophon. Anabasis. Vol. 1.1.14.
- ^ Travels in the Track of the Ten Thousand Greeks: being a geographical and descriptive account of the expedition of Cyrus, and of the retreat of the Ten Thousand Greeks, as related by Xenophon (J. W. Parker, 1844). page 33.
- ^ Bernard Bachrach (April 2016). Jeffreys, Elizabeth; Gertwagen, Ruthy (eds.). "The Crusader March from Dorylaion to Herakleia". Shipping, Trade and Crusade in the Medieval Mediterranean Studies in Honour of John Pryor. Taylor & Francis: 243. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ Francis-Vyiyan-Jago Arundell, Visit to the Seven Churches of Asia, with an Excursion Into Pisidia (John Rodwell, 1828) p203.
- ^ Francis-Vyiyan-Jago Arundell, Visit to the Seven Churches of Asia, with an Excursion Into Pisidia (John Rodwell, 1828) p54.
- ^ Richard Price, Michael Gaddis, The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, Volume 1 ( Liverpool University Press, 2005) p 84.
- ^ Catholic Hierarchy
38°16′45″N 31°54′50″E / 38.2791667°N 31.9138889°E
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