The history of the city goes back to the late
Bronze Age–early
Iron Age (between the 20th and 10th centuries BC), when it was the earliest
Greek settlement in the northwestern
Black Sea region and was mentioned by the Greek historian
Herodotus as
emporion Kremnoi (Κρήμνοι, meaning cliffs).[20]
In the 13th century,
Pisan merchants founded a colony, Portus Pisanus, which was however short-lived.[21] Taganrog was founded by
Peter the Great on 12 September 1698.[3] The first
Russian Navy base, it hosted the
Azov Flotilla of
Catherine the Great (1770–1783), which subsequently became the Russian
Black Sea Fleet. Taganrog was granted city status in 1775.[4]
By the end of the 18th century, Taganrog had lost its importance as a military base after
Crimea and the entire
Sea of Azov were absorbed into the
Russian Empire. In 1802,
Tsar Alexander I granted the city
special status, which lasted until 1887. In 1825, the
Alexander I Palace in Taganrog was used as his summer residence, and he died there in November 1825. Also in Taganrog is the
House of Teacher, a mansion where numerous artists have performed.
Although it had been bombarded and damaged by an Anglo-French fleet in 1855,[21] Taganrog became important as a commercial port, used for the import of
grain by the end of the 19th century until the early 20th century.
Industrialization increased in the city when
Belgian and
German investors founded a boiler factory, an iron and steel
foundry, a
leather factory, and an
oil press factory. By 1911, fifteen foreign
consulates had opened in the city.[22]
During
World War I, Taganrog was occupied by the troops of the
German Army from May to August 1918. In 1919, General
Anton Denikin established his headquarters at the Avgerino mansion in the city while commanding
White Russian troops fighting in
South Russia during the
Russian Civil War. When the White Russians were defeated and
Bolshevik power was established in the city on 25 December 1919, Denikin's remaining troops and the British Consulate were evacuated by
HMS Montrose. Full power was granted to the executive committee of The City Soviet Workers' council on 17 December 1920, and Taganrog briefly joined the
Ukrainian SSR as the
administrative center of Taganrog Okrug, until it was transferred to the
Russian SFSR along with
Shakhty Okrug on 1 October 1924.
During
World War II, Taganrog was occupied by
National Socialist Germany from 1941 to 1943 during
Operation Barbarossa, when two
SS divisions entered the city on 17 October 1941, followed by the
Wehrmacht. The city suffered extensive damage. Under German occupation the
local government system was replaced by a German-style Bürgermeisteramt (Mayor's Office), which governed the city until it was liberated by the
Red Army on 30 August 1943.[citation needed]
Taganrog is the leading industrial center of Rostov Oblast. Local industry is represented by aerospace, machine-building, automobile, military, iron and steel industry, engineering, metal traders and processors, timber, woodwork, pulp and paper, food, light, chemical and construction materials. The city is one of the major ports of the
Sea of Azov.
The biggest company currently operating in Taganrog is
Taganrog Iron & Steel Factory, (publicly traded company Tagmet), which manufactures steel, steel pipe, for oil and gas industry and consumer goods. The other major employer is Taganrog Auto Factory (
TagAZ Ltd.), which originated from Taganrog Combine Harvester Factory. The plant manufactures automobiles licensed by Hyundai. The production line includes Hyundai Accent compact sedan, mid-size Hyundai Sonata, sport utility vehicle Santa Fe, and Hyundai Porter pickup truck. Taganrog is also home to the aircraft design bureau
Beriev.
The area around Taganrog has a large industrial potential, a diversified agricultural industry, production plants, and a modern infrastructure. The location of Taganrog on the intersection of traffic routes and the seaport facilitate access to the emerging
CIS markets.
The climate of Taganrog is
temperate (
Köppen climate classificationCfa). Taganrog experiences moderately cold (mild by Russian standards) winters and hot summers.
Climate data for Taganrog (1991–2020, extremes 1905–present)
The legend of "Elder
Fyodor Kuzmich" is cited in the book Roza Mira by Russian mystic
Daniil Andreyev. According to this legend, the Russian tsar Alexander I did not die in Taganrog, but instead left his crown and the status of monarch to continue his life as a traveling hermit.[26]
In 2004
Sabine Wichert published a collection of poems entitled Taganrog.
In
Maria Kuncewiczowa's 1945 novel The Stranger (New York, LB Fischer publisher), the city of Taganrog plays an essential role as a place of nostalgic happiness for the uprooted Polish musician and matriarch, Rose.
Numerous Russian and international aristocrats, politicians, artists, and scientists were born and/or have lived in Taganrog. Taganrog is the native city of
^Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
^Troubetzkoy, Alexis S. Imperial Legend: The Mysterious Disappearance of Tsar Alexander I. New York: Arcade, 2002
^"Города - партнеры". tagancity.ru (in Russian). Taganrog. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
Sources
Городская Дума Таганрога. Решение №537 от 25 октября 2007 г. «Об официальных символах муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"», в ред. Решения №73 от 31 марта 2015 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые Решения Городской Думы города Таганрога». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Официальный Таганрог", №35, 10 ноября 2007 г. (City Duma of Taganrog. Decision #537 of October 25, 2007 On the Official Symbols of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog", as amended by the Decision #73 of March 31, 2015 On Amending Various Decisions of the City Duma of the City of Taganrog. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
Городская Дума города Таганрога. Решение №318 от 3 июня 2011 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"», в ред. Решения №243 от 29 сентября 2016 г «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Устав муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования, произведённого после регистрации. Опубликован: "Официальный вестник Таганрога", №16, 25 июля 2011 г. (City Duma of the City of Taganrog. Decision #318 of June 3, 2011 On Adopting the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog", as amended by the Decision #243 of September 29, 2016 On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog". Effective as of the day of the official publication after the registration.).
Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №340-ЗС от 25 июля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области», в ред. Закона №270-ЗС от 27 ноября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Наше время", №187–190, 28 июля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #340-ZS of July 28, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast, as amended by the Law #270-ZS of November 27, 2014 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №190-ЗС от 19 ноября 2004 г. «Об установлении границы и наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования "Город Таганрог"», в ред. Закона №980-ЗС от 25 октября 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в областные Законы "Об установлении границы и наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования "Город Таганрог" и "Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования "Неклиновский район" и муниципальных образований в его составе"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Наше время", №293–295 (без приложений), 30 ноября 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #190-ZS of November 19, 2004 On Establishing the Border and Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog", as amended by the Law #980-ZS of October 25, 2012 On Amending the Oblast Laws "On Establishing the Border and Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Taganrog" and "On Establishing the Borders and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of "Neklinovsky District" and to the Municipal Formations It Comprises". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).